Regulation of plasma lipid profile by lactobacillus fermentum (probiotic strain ME-3 DSM14241) in a randomised controlled trial of clinically healthy adults

Table 2 The impact of consumption of probiotic or control kefir for 4 and 8 weeks on biochemical indices of blood sera in healthy subjects

Indices	Probiotic group (PG)						Control group (CG)						Extent of changes between PG and CG
	Mean (SD)			Mean (SD)			Mean (SD)			Mean (SD)			Extent of changes between PG and CG
			p=			p=			p=			p=	p=
	Baseline 1	4 weeks	Baseline 1 vs 4 weeks	Baseline 2	8 weeks	Baseline 2 vs 8 weeks	Baseline 1	4 weeks	Baseline 1 vs 4 weeks	Baseline 2	8 weeks	Baseline 2 vs 8 weeks	Baseline 1 to 4 weeks	Baseline 2 to 8 weeks
	n 71	n 71		n 43	n 43		n 66	n 66		n 33	n 33
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.9 (0.7)	6.0 (0.8)	0.259	5.9 (0.9)	5.7 (0.8)	0.257	6.0 (0.8)	6.1 (0.9)	0.364	6.2 (1.0)	6.2 (0.9)	0.031	0.798	0.019
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.7 (0.5)	1.7 (0.5)	0.943	1.7 (0.4)	1.6 (0.4)	0.229	1.8 (0.5)	1.8 (0.5)	0.001	1.8 (0.5)	1.8 (0.5)	0.385	0.025	0.551
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.8 (0.7)	3.8 (0.7)	0.083	3.8 (0.7)	3.6 (0.7)	0.001	3.7 (0.8)	3.8 (0.8)	0.822	4.0 (0.8)	4.0 (0.7)	0.736	0.298	0.037
LDL-C/HDL-C	2.5 (0.9)	2.4 (0.9)	0.303	2.5 (0.8)	2.4 (0.8)	0.013	2.2 (0.8)	2.3 (0.8)	0.001	2.3 (0.7)	2.4 (0.7)	0.018	0.014	0.004
Oxidized LDL (U/L)	53.7 (15.1)	50.8 (14.0)	˂0.001	52.7 (14.1)	50.4 (14.4)	˂0.001	50.5 (12.5)	49.6 (12.3)	0.164	51.0 (11.2)	50.8 (11.6)	0.630	0.103	0.0002
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.2 (0.7)	1.0 (0.5)	0.005	1.0 (0.4)	1.0 (0.6)	0.033	1.1 (0.5)	1.0 (0.4)	0.165	1.0 (0.4)	1.1 (0.3)	0.507	0.244	0.044
Glucose (mmol/L)	4.8 (0.5)	4.8 (0.5)	0.294	4.8 (0.4)	4.9 (0.6)	0.649	4.6 (0.6)	4.7 (0.6)	0.279	4.7 (0.6)	4.7 (0.6)	0.472	0.834	0.964
HbA1c (%)	5.8 (0.3)	5.5 (0.4)	≤0.001	5.4 (0.2)	5.5 (0.2)	≤0.001	5.7 (0.3)	5.6 (0.3)	≤0.001	5.4 (0.2)	5.4 (0.2)	≤0.001	0.220	0.719

Data represent the mean (standard deviation. BL 1 data were comprised of n = 71 volunteers of PG group and n = 66 volunteers of CG who completed the trial at 4 week; BL 2 data comprised of n = 43 volunteers (PG ) and n = 33 (CG) completing the trial at 8 weeks. Baseline 1 and 2 and intervention data (4 weeks and 8 weeks, resp) were compared with a paired t-test within groups, and extent of changes between PG and CG was compaired with an unpaired t-test

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