A randomized controlled trial of the effects of a prudent diet on cardiovascular risk factors, gene expression, and DNA methylation - the Diet and Genetic Intervention (DIGEST) Pilot study

Table 5 Diet palatability, satiety, and gastrointestinal symptoms experienced on Prudent and Western diets

	Prudent diet (n = 33 to 45)			Western diet (n = 31 to 45)			Mean difference between Prudent and Western (95 % CI) at 2 weeks
	Week 0	Week 1	Week 2	Week 0	Week 1	Week 2
Palatability, mean (SD) (out of 10)^a	8.2 (1.5)	6.9 (1.3)	7.1 (1.4)	7.9 (1.3)	4.6 (1.7)	4.8 (1.4)	2.2 (1.6 to 2.9)^b§
Satiety (-3 to +3)	1.1 (1.1)	1.3 (1.5)	1.2 (1.1)	0.7 (1.3)	1.0 (1.8)	0.9 (1.2)	0.3 (-0.3 to 0.9)^b
Gas/bloating, n (%)
As usual or less than usual	32 (86.5)	26 (76.5)	25 (75.8)	31 (91.2)	22 (62.9)	17 (54.8)	0.047^c
More than usual	5 (13.5)	8 (23.5)	8 (24.2)	3 (8.8)	13 (37.1)	14 (45.2)	0.047^c
# bowel movements per week, mean (SD)	7.6 (5.6)	7.5 (6.2)	7.4 (6.1)	6.8 (4.4)	7.0 (4.2)	6.5 (4.7)	0.4 (-1.5 to 2.2)^b
Any days of diarrhea, n (%)	4 (4.9)	4 (4.9)	3 (3.7)	1 (1.2)	3 (3.7)	4 (4.9)	>0.70^c
Any days of constipation, n (%)	5 (6.1)	4 (4.9)	1 (1.2)	2 (2.4)	12 (14.6)	9 (11.0)	<0.001^c

^aWeek 0 is palatability of their usual diet while weeks 1 and 2 reflect the palatability of the intervention diet
^bComparison of mean intervention values (week 1 and 2), adjusted for age, sex, and baseline values. Expressed as mean (95 % CI); ^†P < 0.05, ^‡P < 0.01, ^§P < 0.001
^cFisher’s exact test for between-treatment differences in distribution of variables during follow up. Counts of number of participants reporting any days of diarrhea, constipation, or more bloating/gas in either week 1 or 2 were collapsed for analysis, if such data were also provided at baseline

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