BMC Nutrition

Table 4 Longitudinal Analysis of Stunting Malnutrition, by Child Caries Increment

From: Early childhood caries and malnutrition: baseline and two-year follow-up results of a community-based prevention intervention in Rural Ecuador

Caries Increment	Number (%) of Children with HAZ < −2 Z							Mean HAZ score (SD)
Caries Increment	Baseline		Follow-up		Absolute change	Proportionate change^a	P-value^b	Baseline		Follow-up		Mean change	Effect size^c	P-value^d
	N	%	N	%	%	%	P-value^b	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean change	Effect size^c	P-value^d
Low (0–2 dmft/year)	28	48.3	16	29.1	−19.2	−39.8	0.064/ 0.039	−1.6	1.3	−1.6	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.070
Medium (3–5 dmft/year)	16	39.0	7	19.4	−19.6	−54.3	0.065/ 0.035	−1.7	0.9	−1.3	0.8	+0.4	0.4	0.003
High (≥6 dmft/year)	22	35.5	17	29.8	−5.7	−16.1	0.549/ 0.366	−1.6	1.0	−1.5	0.9	+0.1	0.1	0.030
Total	66	41.0	40	24.8	−16.2	−39.5	0.005/ 0.003	−1.6	1.1	−1.5	0.9	+0.1	0.1	<0.001

^aCalculated by dividing the change in prevalence by the baseline prevalence and expressing it as a percentage
^bP-values presented are based on McNemar test (first) and Cochran’s Q test (second)
^cEffect size; 0.2–0.4 is considered to be ‘small’; 0.5–0.7 is ‘Moderate’; and more than 0.8 is considered to be ‘large’
^dP-values presented are based on Wilcoxon rank sum test

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ISSN: 2055-0928

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