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Table 2 B-vitamins concentrations of milk samples during different lactation stages 1, 2

From: Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary factors influencing B-vitamins in human milk of urban Chinese lactating women at different lactation stages

B-group vitamin

5–11 d

12–30 d

31–60 d

61–120 d

121–240 d

(n = 89)

(n = 87)

(n = 89)

(n = 90)

(n = 88)

Thiamine, μg/100 g

 n

44

73

82

89

86

 Median (IQR)

3.13 (2.58, 4.89) a

5.07 (3.11, 6.47) b

4.28 (3.06, 6.61) b

5.65 (3.78, 7.69) c

6.28 (5.11, 8.03) d

 Mean ± SD

3.60 ± 1.29

5.01 ± 2.10

4.69 ± 1.85

5.75 ± 2.18

6.69 ± 2.17

Riboflavin, μg/100 g

 n

88

86

83

89

88

 Median (IQR)

20.8 (13.2, 31.5) a

20.2 (10.1, 27.4) b

11.9 (7.1, 21.1) c

13.6 (9.7, 20.1) c, d

15.6 (12.3, 19.4) b, d

 Mean ± SD

25.4 ± 18.8

19.4 ± 9.9

15.3 ± 12.0

15.1 ± 7.6

16.4 ± 7.1

Vitamin B3 3, μg/100 g

 n

89

87

89

90

88

 Median (IQR)

194.0 (110.0, 320.5) a

300.0 (248.0, 378.0) b

261.0 (183.0, 323.5) c

212.5 (168.8, 277.3) a, d

218.0 (168.8, 328.8) c, d

 Mean ± SD

239.1 ± 156.3

337.1 ± 151.4

272.1 ± 118.4

227.8 ± 82.6

253.6 ± 118.9

Pantothenic acid, μg/100 g

 n

86

84

89

90

 

 Median (IQR)

236.5 (166.3, 324.3) a

291.0 (229.5, 374.3) b

254.0 (187.0, 346.5) a

179.0 (154.5, 220.0) c

189.0 (153.0, 251.5) c

 Mean ± SD

255.1 ± 117.9

304.0 ± 109.6

264.2 ± 94.6

204.2 ± 79.5

205.8 ± 63.2

Vitamin B6 4, μg/100 g

 n

60

75

89

89

87

 Median (IQR)

6.34 (3.83, 9.85) a

7.58 (5.92, 9.86) a, b

8.60 (6.32, 10.55) b

9.34 (7.40, 12.00) c

10.20 (8.15, 13.80) c

 Mean ± SD

8.63 ± 7.57

8.22 ± 4.10

8.94 ± 3.86

10.30 ± 4.91

10.90 ± 4.37

Biotin, μg/100 g

 n

78

84

88

90

87

 Median (IQR)

0.462 (0.187, 0.856) a

0.834 (0.550, 1.190) b

0.606 (0.435, 0.876) c

0.523 (0.366, 0.749) a, c

0.464 (0.316, 0.648) a

 Mean ± SD

0.691 ± 0.795

0.967 ± 0.703

0.701 ± 0.424

0.617 ± 0.429

0.577 ± 0.627

Folates, μg/100 g

 n

88

87

89

90

88

 Median (IQR)

0.730 (0.387, 1.245) a

2.390 (1.340, 3.120) b

2.440 (1.615, 3.440) b, c

2.420 (1.653, 3.265) c

2.330 (1.515, 3.875) c

 Mean ± SD

1.072 ± 0.945

2.421 ± 1.379

2.665 ± 1.366

2.759 ± 1.583

2.860 ± 1.694

  1. IQR interquartile range; SD standard deviation
  2. 1 Data were presented as the median (IQR) and mean ± SD
  3. 2 Compared by One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) after the ln transformation followed by Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) post hoc comparisons
  4. 3 Vitamin B3 = nicotinamide + nicotinic acid
  5. 4 Vitamin B6 = pyridoxine + 0.702pyridoxamine + 0.831pyridoxal
  6. a, b, c, d Data with the different superscript letters in the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05)