The effect of maternal and child factors on stunting, wasting and underweight among preschool children in Northern Ghana

Ali, Zakari; Saaka, Mahama; Adams, Abdul-Ganiyu; Kamwininaang, Stephen K.; Abizari, Abdul-Razak

doi:10.1186/s40795-017-0154-2

Table 4 Relationship between mean weight –for-height z-score (WHZ) and selected variables among children aged 6–59 months

From: The effect of maternal and child factors on stunting, wasting and underweight among preschool children in Northern Ghana

Indicator	N	Mean WHZ	Std. Deviation	95% Confidence Interval for Mean		p value
	N	Mean WHZ	Std. Deviation	Lower Bound	Upper Bound	p value
Child currently breastfeeding?						<0.001
No	208	−0.41	0.94	−0.54	−0.28
Yes	217	−0.87	1.20	−1.03	−0.71
Age of child (months)						<0.001
6–8	46	−0.82	1.02	−1.12	−0.52
9–11	30	−1.32	1.27	−1.79	−0.85
12–23	142	−0.76	1.197	−0.96	−0.57
24–59	207	−0.43	0.98	−0.56	−0.29
Gender of child						0.06
Male	216	−0.74	1.19	−0.90	−0.59
Female	209	−0.54	1.01	−0.68	−0.40
Timing of first complementary food at 6 months						0.8
No	263	−0.64	1.059	−0.76	−0.51
Yes	162	−0.66	1.18	−0.84	−0.48
Minimum meal frequency						0.7
No	190	−0.62	1.09	−0.77	−0.46
Yes	235	−0.67	1.12	−0.81	−0.52
Minimum dietary diversity						<0.001
Less than 4 groups	154	−0.98	1.17	−1.17	−0.79
At least 4 groups	271	−0.45	1.02	−0.58	−0.33
Minimum acceptable diet						0.13
No	251	−0.71	1.13	−0.85	−0.57
Yes	174	−0.55	1.06	−0.71	−0.39
Classification of household wealth index						0.3
Low	268	−0.60	1.07	−0.73	−0.47
High	157	−0.72	1.16	−0.91	−0.54
Maternal height (cm)						0.2
< 150	17	−0.56	1.12	−1.14	0.02
150–154	57	−0.91	1.20	−1.23	−0.60
155–159	129	−0.54	1.08	−0.72	−0.35
At least 160	222	−0.65	1.09	−0.79	−0.50
Classification of birth weight						0.1
Normal (≥2.5 kg)	170	−0.56	1.03	−0.71	−0.40
Low birth weight (<2.5 kg)	23	−0.90	1.06	−1.36	−0.44
Consumption of staples in the past 24 h prior to study						0.1
No	43	−0.93	1.26	−1.32	−0.54
Yes	382	−0.61	1.08	−0.72	−0.50
Consumption of animal source foods in the past 24 h prior to study						<0.001
No	94	−1.01	1.20	−1.25	−0.76
Yes	331	−0.54	1.06	−0.66	−0.43
Consumption of legumes foods in the past 24 h prior to study						<0.001
No	211	−0.84	1.08	−0.99	−0.69
Yes	214	−0.45	1.10	−0.60	−0.30

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