|
Behavior subscale and category of skipping breakfast
| | |
Model 1b
|
Model 2c
|
Model 3d
|
|---|
|
n
|
Mean ± SDa
|
Diff (95% CI)e
|
Diff (95% CI)e
|
Diff (95% CI)e
|
|---|
|
Internalizing problems
|
|
Never skipped
|
1481
|
2.22 ± 2.92
|
0 (ref)
|
0 (ref)
|
0 (ref)
|
|
≥ 1 skips
|
177
|
2.40 ± 3.03
|
0.35 (−0.30, 1.00)
|
0.28 (−0.32, 0.88)
|
0.17 (−0.74, 1.07)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.29
|
0.36
|
0.72
|
|
Externalizing problems
|
|
Never skipped
|
1481
|
2.85 ± 3.52
|
0 (ref)
|
0 (ref)
|
0 (ref)
|
|
≥ 1 skips
|
177
|
3.08 ± 3.69
|
1.73 (−1.28, 4.74)
|
1.13 (−1.46, 3.71)
|
0.14 (−0.37, 0.64)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.26
|
0.39
|
0.60
|
|
Prosocial behavior
|
|
Never skipped
|
1486
|
7.97 ± 2.17
|
0 (ref)
|
0 (ref)
|
0 (ref)
|
|
≥ 1 skips
|
179
|
7.66 ± 2.21
|
−0.31 (−0.58, −0.05)
|
−0.26 (−0.51, −0.01)
|
−0.26 (−0.56, 0.03)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.02
|
0.04
|
0.08
|
-
aValues are the unadjusted mean ± SD score for the three scales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Better behavior is indicated by lower scores for internalizing problems (range 0 – 18) and externalizing problems (range 0 – 20) and higher scores for prosocial behavior (range 0 – 10)
-
bModel 1: adjusted for sex and age at interview
-
cModel 2: adjusted for sex, age at interview and SES (measured at Wave 3)
-
dModel 3: Model 2 plus the following additional covariates internalizing problems – two-parent home, self-reported health of primary caregiver, smoking status of primary caregiver, financial hardship, reading progress; externalizing problems – self-reported health of primary caregiver, smoking status of primary caregiver, financial hardship, reading progress; prosocial behavior – two parent home, reading progress
-
eDifferences between breakfast skippers and breakfast eaters were calculated using linear regression
