|
NAPLAN variable and category of skipping breakfast
| | |
Model 1b
|
Model 2c
|
Model 3d
|
|---|
|
n
|
Mean ± SDa
|
Diff (95% CI)e
|
Diff (95% CI)e
|
Diff (95% CI)e
|
|---|
|
Reading
|
|
Never skipped
|
1923
|
520 ± 79.4
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
|
≥ 1 skips
|
227
|
510 ± 82.1
|
−15.3 (−27.2, −3.3)
|
−10.7 (−21.4, 0.02)
|
−9.2 (−19.7, 1.3)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.01
|
0.05
|
0.09
|
|
Writing
|
|
Never skipped
|
1904
|
502 ± 69.2
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
|
≥ 1 skips
|
225
|
500 ± 64.1
|
−6.2 (−15.5, 3.1)
|
−2.1 (−10.8, 6.5)
|
−0.8 (−9.5, 7.9)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.19
|
0.63
|
0.86
|
|
Spelling
|
|
Never skipped
|
1922
|
502 ± 65.8
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
|
≥ 1 skips
|
227
|
496 ± 69.1
|
−10.3 (−20.8, 0.2)
|
−7.4 (−17.2, 2.5)
|
−6.0 (−15.8, 3.8)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.05
|
0.14
|
0.23
|
|
Grammar
|
|
Never skipped
|
1922
|
528 ± 79.2
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
|
≥ 1 skips
|
227
|
520 ± 93.8
|
−17.4 (−31.8, −3.0)
|
−12.8 (−25.7, 0.1)
|
−10.7 (−23.6, 2.1)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.02
|
0.05
|
0.10
|
|
Numeracy
|
|
Never skipped
|
1917
|
513 ± 70.5
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
0.00 (ref)
|
|
≥ 1 skips
|
227
|
502 ± 84.1
|
−18.6 (−32.7, −4.5)
|
−14.2 (−26.9, −1.6)
|
−13.0 (−25.6, −0.8)
|
|
P-value
| | |
0.01
|
0.03
|
0.04
|
-
NAPLAN National Assessment Program – Literacy And Numeracy, SES socioeconomic status
-
aValues are the unadjusted mean ± SD score for each domain of the NAPLAN assessments. Possible score range 0-1000, higher scores indicate better academic performance
-
bModel 1: adjusted for age and sex
-
cModel 2: adjusted for age, sex and SES (measured at Wave 3)
-
dModel 3: Model 2 plus the following additional covariates: Reading – smoking status of primary caregiver; Writing – smoking status of primary caregiver, self-reported health of primary caregiver; Spelling smoking status of primary caregiver, two-parent home status; Grammar – smoking status of primary caregiver, financial hardship; Numeracy – smoking status of primary caregiver
-
eDifferences between breakfast skippers and breakfast eaters were calculated using linear regression
