Table 1 Frequency and Weighted Prevalence of Stunting, Underweight and Wasting of Children age less than 5 Years According to Maternal Anthropometry and Other Maternal, Child, and Household Characteristics. EDHS 2011

Variable

HAZ³

WAZ⁴

WHZ⁵

Total

Total n (weighted %)

3478 (42.9)

2472 (28.2)

1007 (10.01)

8505 (100)

Child’s sex n (weighted %)

0.03

0.001

0.001

 M

1824 (44.7)

1337 (30.4)

575 (11.5)

4312 (51)

 F

1654 (41.1)

1135 (25.9)

432 (8.5)

4193 (49)

Child’s age in month n (weighted %)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 0–11

267 (15.6)

319 (15.3)

331 (14.7)

1943 (22.9)

 12–23

699 (44.8)

500 (29.6)

255 (13.5)

1612 (18.6)

 24–35

817 (55.8)

542 (33.9)

145 (8.8)

1515 (17.5)

 36–47

931 (55.3)

584 (32.9)

134 (6.1)

1766 (21.2)

 48–59

764 (48.2)

527 (31.6)

142 (6.6)

1669 (19.8)

Maternal BMI n (weighted %)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 < 17 kg/m²

317 (42.5)

302 (41)

158 (16.9)

760 (5.9)

 17.0–18.4 kg/m²

738 (47.9)

614 (37.6)

260 (13.4)

1622 (16.8)

 18.5–24.9 kg/m²

2314 (43.0)

1505 (25.9)

563 (8.9)

5646 (73.3)

 ≥ 25 kg/m²

109 (22.3)

51 (11.7)

26 (7.2)

477 (4.1)

Maternal height n (weighted %)

< 0.001

0.01

0.93

 < 145 cm

108 (61.3)

77 (39.4)

22 (10.3)

177 (2.2)

 ≥ 145 cm

3370 (42.5)

2395 (27.9)

985 (10.0)

8328 (97.8)

Maternal age n (weighted %)

0.18

0.14

0.54

 15–19

108 (36.8)

84 (25.4)

49 (12.9)

357 (3.9)

 20–24

639 (40.7)

436 (26.1)

199 (10.5)

1675 (20.0)

 25–29

1069 (43.0)

757 (28.8)

300 (10.2)

2638 (31.4)

 30–34

738 (44.9)

542 (30.2)

214 (9.0)

1726 (19.6)

 35–39

575 (42.4)

399 (25.8)

148 (9.3)

1348 (15.6)

 40–44

274 (48.3)

207 (33.7)

81 (11.3)

571 (7.1)

 45–49

75 (42)

47 (25.1)

16 (7.0)

190 (2.4)

Maternal education in years n (weighted %)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.002

 No education

2606 (45.3)

1921 (30.6)

770 (11.1)

5897 (69.3)

 Primary

790 (40.3)

513 (24.6)

2151 (8.1)

12,174 (25.6)

 Secondary

62 (19.3)

32 (11.4)

14 (3.1)

289 (3.4)

 Higher

20 (18)

6 (4.8)

18 (5.6)

145 (1.7)

Maternal parity n (weighted %)⁶

0.003

0.0.09

0.0.40

  1

1354 (44.0)

921 (28.6)

366 (9.6)

3242 (38.1)

  2

1703 (44.0)

1241 (29.0)

516 (10.6)

4109 (48.3)

 ≥ 3

421 (35.7)

310 (23.8)

125 (9.0)

1154 (13.6)

Maternal marital status n (weighted %)

0.37

0.15

0.07

 Never in union

19 (49.3)

10 (22.3)

6 (9.6)

51 (0.6)

 Married

3044 (42.7)

2195 (28.6)

901 (10.4)

7448 (87.6)

 Living with partner

146 (40.2)

93 (23.8)

35 (5.8)

424 (5.0)

 Widowed

77 (45.4)

44 (18.5)

15 (4.0)

165 (1.9)

 Divorced

142 (49.8)

100 (30.8)

35 (10.1)

286 (3.4)

 Separated

50 (46.3)

30 (28.5)

15 (7.5)

131 (1.5)

Maternal smoking status n (weighted %)

0.06

0.46

0.85

 No

3452 (42.9)

2453 (28.3)

1001 (10.0)

8447 (99.7)

 Yes

26 (64.7)

19 (36.5)

9 (11.3)

58 (0.3)

Place of residence n (weighted %)

< 0.001

0.0002

< 0.001

 Urban

371 (31.4)

221 (16.9)

115 (5.5)

1401 (13)

 Rural

3107 (44.6)

2251 (29.9)

892 (10.7)

7104 (87)

Household wealth index n (weighted %)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Poorest

1145 (47.3)

925 (35.3)

415 (13.4)

2572 (22.4)

 Poor

738 (46.0)

531 (32.1)

191 (12.8)

1569 (21.9)

 Middle

611 (44.8)

356 (25.6)

160 (9.1)

1424 (20.8)

 Richer

583 (43.4)

356 (25.7)

135 (7.8)

1410 (19.9)

 Richest

401 (28.3)

223 (14.4)

106 (5.2)

1530 (15.0)

Maternal BMI, mean (SE)⁷, kg/m²

20.01 (0.08)

< 0.001⁸

19.7 (0.10)

< 0.001⁸

19.7 (0.22)

< 0.001⁸

20.3 (0.06)

Maternal height, mean (SE), cm

155.4 (0.17)

< 0.001

155.6 (0.20)

< 0.001

156.2 (0.34)

0.74

156.6 (0.14)

Child age, mean (SE), months

33.9 (0.37)

< 0.001

32.5 (0.45)

< 0.001

22.9 (0.82)

< 0.001

28.9 (0.26)