Table 3 General characteristics of UK dietary assessment tools and their validation studies in children and adolescents
Test Dietary Assessment Tool | Validation Studies | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First author and year | Administration method | Nutrient database | First author and year | Macronutrients validated | Micronutrients validated | Food groups included (Y/N) | Life stage, age range Cohort (M/F) | Time span | Statistical Method Used | |
Test DAT | Reference method | |||||||||
Weighed food diary | ||||||||||
Davies [19] (1994) | By adult proxy | MCW4 | Davies [19] (1994) | E | 0 | N | Children & Infants (1.5–4.5 yr) 81 (42/39) | 4d consecutive | 10d (DLW) | Mean Difference (relative bias); CC (NR); LOA |
Livingstone [20] (1992) | Self (12–18 yr)); By adult proxy (7 + yr) | MCW4 inc. supplementary food composition data | Livingstone [20] (1992) | E | 0 | N | Children & Adolescents (7–18 yr) 58 (29/29) | 7d consecutive | 10 – 14d (DLW) | Mean Difference LOA |
Estimated food diary | ||||||||||
Lanigan [21] (2001) | By adult proxy | COMP-EAT v.5 | Lanigan [21] (2001) | E, PRO, FAT, CHO | 0 | N | Infants (6–24 months) DLW – 21 Weighed Food Diary – 72 | 5d | 7d (DLW) & 5d (Food Diary) | Mean Difference LOA |
Semi-weighed food diary | ||||||||||
Holmes [22] (2008) | Self (12+ yr) By adult proxy (< 5 yr), adult proxy / child combined (6-11 yr) Interview | MCW5 | Holmes [22] (2008) | E, PRO, FAT, CHO, DF | RET, Vit B1, B9, C, Ca, Fe | N | Children (2–10) & adolescents (11-17 yr) 124 (70/52) | 4d | 4d (weighed food diary) | Mean Difference; LOAc |
Dietary recall | ||||||||||
Carter [23] (myfood24) (2015) | Self; Interview | MCW7 | Albar [24] (2016) | aAll assessed | Sodium | Y | Adolescents 75 (37/38) | 2d (non-consecutive) | 2d (non-consecutive 24-h recall) | Mean Difference; CC (ICC); Cross Classification LOA; Weighted Cohen’s kappa |
bFoster [25] (INTAKE24) (2013) | Self | MCW | Bradley [ [11] (2016) | E, PRO, FAT,CHO, NSP, SUG, | Vit C, calcium, iron | Y | Adolescents | 4d (Results reported data on participants completing any number of days) | 4d recall (Results reported data on participants completing any number of days) | Mean ratios; LOA (ratio)b |
Holmes [22] (2008) | Self (12+ yr) By adult proxy (< 5 yr), adult proxy / child combined (6-11 yr) Interview | MCW5 | Holmes [22] (2008) | E, PRO, FAT, CHO, DF | RET, Vit B1, B9, C, Ca, Fe | N | Children (2–10_& adolescents (11-17 yr) 124 (70/52 | 4d | 4d (weighed food diary) | Mean Difference; LOAc |
Johnson [26] (1996) | Interview | Food Intake Analysis | Reilly [27] (2001) | E | 0 | N | Children (3–4 yr) 41 (23/18) | 3d (MPR) | 7d (DLW) | Mean Difference; LOA |
Montgomery [28] (2005) | E | 0 | N | Children (4.5–7 yr) 63 (32/31) | 3d (Inc. 1 weekend d) | 2d (DLW) | Mean Difference (bias); LOA | |||
Johnson [26] (1996) | E | 0 | N | Children (4–7 yr) (12/12) | 3d (MPR) | 14d (DLW) | Mean Difference; LOA | |||
Food frequency questionnaire | ||||||||||
McKeown [29] (EPIC FFQ) (2001) | Self | MCW | Lietz [30] (2002) | E, PRO, FAT, CHO, | Ca, K, Na | N | Adolescents (11.8–13.2 yr) 50 (32/18) | 1d | 7d (Food diary) | Mean Difference; CC (S); Cross Classification; LOA |
bRobinson [31] (2007) | By adult proxy | MCW5 | Marriot [32] (2008) | E, PRO, FAT, CHO, SUG | aAll assessed | N | Infants (6 months) 50 (25/25) | 1d | 4d (weighed food diaries) | Mean Difference (%); CC(S); LOAb |
bRobinson [31] (2007) | By adult proxy | MCW5 | Marriot [33] (2009) | E, PRO, FAT, CHO, SUG | aAll assessed | N | Infants (12 months) 50 (27/23) | 1d | 4d (weighed food diaries) | Mean Difference (%); CC (S); LOAb |
Food checklist | ||||||||||
Cade [34] (CADET) (2006) | Combination of Self and adult proxy (parent, school dinner supervisor) | DANTE | Cade [34] (2006) | aAll assessed | Ca, Fe, B9, K, Vit C | Y | Children (3–7 yr) 180 (100/80) | 1d | 1d (weighed food diary) | Mean Difference; CC (S); LOA |
Christian [35] (2015) | E, PRO, CHO, FAT,SUG, DF | Na, Ca, Vit C | Y | Children (8–11 yr) 67 (33/34) | 1d | 1d (weighed food diary) | Mean Difference; CC (P) LOA | |||
Holmes [22] (2008) | Self (12+ yr) By adult proxy (< 5 yr), adult proxy / child combined (6-11 yr) Interview | MCW5 | Holmes [22] (2008) | E, PRO, FAT, CHO, DF | RET, Vit B1, B9, C, Ca, Fe | N | Children (2–10) & adolescents (11-17 yr) 124 (70/52) | 4d | 4d (weighed food diary) | Mean Difference; LOAb |
Diet history | ||||||||||
Livingstone [20] (1992) | Self (12–18 yr)); By adult proxy (7 + yr) | MCW4 | Livingstone [20] (1992) | E | 0 | N | Children & Adolescents (3–18 yr) 78 (41/37) | 1d | 10-14d (DLW) | Mean Difference; LOA |