Characterization, dietary habits and nutritional intake of omnivorous, lacto-ovo vegetarian and vegan runners – a pilot study

Table 3 Absolute and relative daily energy and macronutrient intake of the study population calculated from a 3-day dietary record

Nutrient intake	OMN (n = 27)	p value OMN-LOV	LOV (n = 25)	p value LOV-VEG	VEG (n = 27)	p value OMN-VEG	p value 3 groups	Reference values (m/f)*
Energy
Energy intake (MJ)	10.4 (8.70, 12.1)	–	9.67 (8.55, 10.8)	–	10.2 (9.12, 11.3)	–	0.989^b	11.9–12.3/9.41–9.83
Macronutrients
Carbohydrate (EN%)	46.7 (43.6, 49.8)	0.824^c	49.4 (45.5, 53.3)	0.067^c	55.2 (51.4, 59.0)	0.002^c	0.003^a	> 50
Carbohydrate (g/kg BW)	4.31 (3.45, 5.17)	1.000^c	4.22 (3.52, 4.91)	0.094^c	5.01 (4.40, 5.62)	0.111^c	0.049^b
Protein (EN%)	16.7 (15.1, 18.9)	0.540^c	15.9 (13.6, 18.2)	0.295^c	13.8 (12.5, 15.0)	0.007^c	0.009^b
Protein (g/kg BW)	1.50 (1.27, 1.66)	0.159^c	1.34 (1.09, 1.56)	1.000^c	1.25 (1.07, 1.42)	0.063^c	0.047^b	0.8
Fat (EN%)	32.5 (30.5, 34.5)	0.432^c	30.8 (26.8, 34.8)	0.708^c	26.3 (22.7, 29.8)	0.021^c	0.026^b	30
Fiber (g)	27.0 (22.8, 31.1)	0.176^c	33.4 (28.6, 38.2)	0.006^c	51.7 (44.1, 59.4)	0.000^c	0.000^b	≥ 30

OMN omnivores, LOV lacto-ovo vegetarians, VEG vegans, MJ mega joule, EN% energy percent, BW body weight, *Reference values of the German, Austrian and Swiss Nutrition Societies (Deutsche, Österreichische und Schweizerische Gesellschaften für Ernährung, D-A-CH) [33]. Data are presented as mean (95% CI). ^aOne-way ANOVA, ^bKruskal Wallis test, ^cPost hoc test, p-values in bold represent statistical significance

ISSN: 2055-0928