Table 5 Dietary vitamin intake of the study population calculated from a 3-day dietary record (nutrient intake via food and supplements)

A [retinol equ.] (mg)

Food

1.45 (0.81, 2.10)

–

1.26 (0.91, 1.61)

–

1.72 (1.27, 2.16)

–

0.221^a

1.0/0.8

Supplement

0

–

0

–

0

–

–

D (μg)

Food

2.61 (1.34, 3.89)

1.000^b

1.67 (1.02, 2.32)

0.037^b

1.04 (0.46, 1.62)

0.003^b

0.002^a

20

Supplement

5.68 (−0.12, 11.5)

–

2.75 (−2.91, 8.40)

–

18.8 (1.61, 36.1)

–

0.086^a

E (mg)

Food

9.66 (7.85, 11.5)

0.851^b

11.4 (9.03, 13.7)

0.280^b

16.4 (12.5, 20.4)

0.015^b

0.018^a

14/12^c

Supplement

1.12 (−0.47, 2.71)

–

0.15 (− 0.16, 0.47)

–

0.04 (− 0.37, 0.11)

–

0.411^a

K (μg)

Food

92.5 (63.5, 122)

0.119^b

181 (96.6, 266)

0.058^b

261 (164, 359)

0.000^b

0.000^a

70/60

Supplement

0

–

0

–

0

–

–

B₁ [thiamine] (mg)

Food

1.38 (1.21, 1.55)

0.502^b

1.20 (0.98, 1.43)

0.003^b

1.86 (1.56, 2.16)

0.143^b

0.004^a

1.2/1.0

Supplement

0.56 (− 0.58, 1.70)

–

0.17 (−0.16, 0.50)

–

0.09 (− 0.08, 0.26)

–

0.888^a

B₂ [riboflavin] (mg)

Food

1.57 (1.34, 1.79)

–

1.54 (1.12, 1.96)

–

1.38 (1.16, 1.59)

–

0.278^a

1.4/1.1

Supplement

0.56 (−0.58, 1.70)

–

0.01 (− 0.01, 0.03)

–

0.11 (− 0.98, 0.33)

–

0.896^a

Niacin (mg)

Food

21.4 (18.5, 24.3)

0.033^b

15.8 (12.3, 19.3)

1.000^b

17.3 (12.3, 22.3)

0.021^b

0.010^a

15/12

Supplement

0.62 (−0.52, 1.77)

–

0.09 (−0.09, 0.27)

–

1.31 (− 1.12, 3.74)

–

0.645^a

Pantothenic acid (mg)

Food

5.23 (4.38, 6.07)

–

5.36 (4.04, 6.68)

–

6.39 (4.96, 7.81)

–

0.461^a

6^c

Supplement

0.95 (− 0.95, 2.85)

–

0

–

0.04 (− 0.19, 0.11)

–

0.374^a

B₆ [pyridoxine] (mg)

Food

1.91 (1.61, 2.20)

0.670^b

1.59 (1.27, 1.91)

0.002^b

2.63 (2.10, 3.16)

0.087^b

0.003^a

1.6/1.4

Supplement

0.47 (− 0.31, 1.25)

–

0.46 (− 0.11, 1.04)

–

0.16 (− 0.07, 0.40)

–

0.497^a

Biotin (μg)

Food

50.9 (44.9, 56.9)

–

56.7 (43.4, 69.9)

–

64.5 (51.4, 77.6)

–

0.573^a

30–60^c

Supplement

6.10 (−5.33, 17.5)

–

0

–

0.70 (−0.44, 1.90)

–

0.373^a

Folate (μg)

Food

307 (249, 364)

1.000^b

327 (265, 389)

0.024^b

478 (402, 572)

0.001^b

0.001^a

300

Supplement

11.3 (−5.01, 27.6)

–

2.20 (−2.33, 6.72)

–

41.9 (−20.2, 104)

–

0.261^a

B₁₂ [cobalamin] (μg)

Food

4.02 (3.12, 4.92)

0.057^c

2.49 (1.49, 3.48)

0.002^b

0.79 (0.47, 1.12)

0.000^b

0.000^a

4

Supplement

0.96 (−0.21, 2.13)

0.002^b

0.84 (−0.20, 1.89)

1.000^b

206 (101, 312)

0.004^b

0.001^a

C [ascorbic acid] (mg)

Food

153 (110, 196)

1.000^b

143 (107, 179)

0.003^b

293 (222, 365)

0.001^b

0.000^a

110/95

Supplement

3.16 (−1.07, 7.38)

–

0.17 (−0.18, 0.51)

–

7.80 (−1.26, 13.7)

–

0.126^a