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Table 3 Demographic characteristics of habitual breakfast eaters categorised by the timing of the first meal of the day

From: Breakfast consumption habits of Australian men participating in the “Typical Aussie Bloke” study

 

Early Breakfast Eaters (EBE)a (n = 79)

Late Breakfast Eaters (LBE)b (n = 15)

P value

% (n)

84.0% (79)

16.0% [15]

 

Age y (mean ± SD)

31 ± 7

26 ± 7

0.012

cHeight (mean ± SD)

179.8 ± 6.3

179.8 ± 8.0

0.99

dWeight (mean ± SD)

81.9 ± 13.5

85.5 ± 20.4

0.38

eBMI (mean ± SD)

25.4 ± 4.1

26.5 ± 4.8

0.36

Country of birth

 Australia

86.1%

86.7%

 

fOther countries

13.9%

13.3%

1.00

ATSI descent

 Yes

0*

0

 

 No

98.7%*

100.0%

NA

Marital status

gSingle

39.2%*

73.3%

 

 Married or in de facto relationship

59.4%*

26.7%

0.023

Education

hSchool

31.6%*

60.0%

 

iUniversity

67.1%*

40.0%

0.076

Employment status

 Full time paid work

60.8%

13.3%

 

 Part time paid work or casual paid work

13.9%

40.0%

 

 Studying

24.1%

33.3%

 

 Home duties or Unemployed

1.3%

13.3%

0.001

Annual household gross income (AUS$)

  ≤ $25,000 to 49,999

26.6%*

60.0%*

 

  ≥ $50.000 to 99,999

24.1%*

6.7%*

 

  ≥ 100.000 to 149,999

24.1%*

6.7%*

 

 $150,000 to 200,000 or more

21.5%*

13.3%*

0.043

People living in the household

 Living alone

6.3%*

13.3%

 

lLiving with other people

91.1%*

86.7%

0.32

Dependent children

 None

64.6%

93.3%

 

 One or more

35.4%

6.7%

0.032

Past/present or Future Occupation

 Trades, manual workers, machine operators or drivers

8.9%

6.7%

 

 Professional, paraprofessional, managers or administrator, administrative assistant, sales or personal service worker

89.9%

93.3%

 

 Never had a paid job

1.3%

0%

1.00

  1. *The total number of participants for this variable does not add up to 100% due to responses such as ‘replied prefer not to answer’ or ‘don’t know’ Or don’t know/Varies’ or ‘don’t know or would rather not say’
  2. HBE Habitual Breakfast Eaters who reported to consume breakfast 5 or more times per week
  3. aEBE Early Breakfast Eaters includes Habitual Breakfast Eaters who consumed the first meal of the day early on weekdays (between 5.01 and 8.00 am)
  4. bLBE Late Breakfast includes Habitual Breakfast Eaters who consumed the first meal of the day late on weekdays (between 8.01 am and noon)
  5. NA Not Applicable
  6. cHeight, weight and BMI were measured in the lab session
  7. dOthers country: New Zealand, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Netherlands, America, Canada, Bangladesh or South Korea or unknown
  8. Single includes: separated, divorced, widowed or never married.
  9. eSchool includes: Intermediate Certificate (or equivalent) or Higher School or Leaving Certificate (or equivalent) or Trade/apprenticeship (eg. Hairdresser, Chef) or Certificate/diploma (eg. Child Care, Technician)
  10. fUniversity includes: University degree or University Higher degree (eg. Grad Dip, Masters, PhD)
  11. gLiving with other people includes living with one, two, three, four or five other people
  12. ATSI Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
  13. hStatistics: Indipendt t-test was used to compare age, height, weight and BMI. Chi Square tests and/or Fishers exact tests were used for the following comparison: Country of birth, ATSI descent, Marital status, Education, Employment status, people living in the household, Dependent children, Past,present and future occupation