Table 1 Descriptive Statistics
DESCRIPTIVE VARIABLES | Total N = 565 | STATISTICS AND BALANCE CHECK | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
RURAL n = 292 | URBAN n = 272 | P-VALUE | ||
n(%)or Median (IQR) | n(%)or Median (IQR) | |||
Age | 40 (26) | 40 (26) | 38 (26) | 0.737 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 113 (19.8) | 43 (14.7) | 70 (25.7) | 0.001* |
Female | 452 (79.2) | 249 (85.3) | 202 (74.3) | |
Level of Education | ||||
No formal education | 98 (17.2) | 60 (21.4) | 38 (16.7) | < 0.001* |
Primary | 50 (8.8) | 27 (9.6) | 23 (10.1) | |
Junior secondary | 176 (30.8) | 120 (42.9) | 56 (24.7) | |
Senior secondary | 132 (23.1) | 64 (22.9) | 66 (29.1) | |
Tertiary | 53 (9.3) | 9 (3.2) | 44 (19.4) | |
Weight (kg) | 65.9 (20.2) | 62.4 (18.3) | 69.9 (20.65) | < 0.001* |
Height (cm) | 159.3 (9.83) | 158.0 (8.60) | 160.5 (11.2) | < 0.001* |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (7.40) | 25.0 (6.7) | 26.1 (7.65) | 0.016* |
Waist circumference (cm) | 87.4 (19.80) | 87.0 (17.55) | 89.0 (22.0) | 0.115 |
Muscle mass | 26.9 (6.13) | 26.8 (5.05) | 27.0 (6.95) | 0.526 |
Body fat | 35.7 (15.22) | 35.2 (14.33) | 36.9 (16.35) | 0.341 |
Visceral fat | 7.0 (4.0) | 7.0 (4.0)) | 7.0 (5.0) | 0.015* |
Energy intake (Kcal) | 1434.0 (951.1) | 1601.4 (999.04) | 1330.7 (899.84) | 0.004* |
Fat (g) | 42.5 (44.08) | 44.2 (50.8) | 41.0 (39.2) | 0.781 |
Protein (g) | 42.6 (32.5) | 42.6 (32.7) | 42.9 (33.06) | 0.838 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 208.0((137.0) | 223.5 (128.8) | 187.9 (137.6) | 0.001* |
Fibre (g) | 18.3 (13.3) | 20.0 (13.8) | 16.9 (13.5) | 0.001* |
Sugar (g) | 29.6 (41.4) | 28.0 (35.6) | 33.9 (50.04) | 0.242 |
Folate (μg) | 225.6 (240) | 234 (241.2) | 216.4 (237.0) | 0.222 |
Iron (mg) | 9.2 (6.6) | 9.5 (6.33) | 8.8 (6.8) | 0.569 |
Zinc (mg) | 5.92 (4.7) | 6.1 (4.9) | 5.7 (4.7) | 0.860 |
Vitamin B12 (μg) | 1.76 (3.2) | 1.92 (3.81) | 1.73 (2.64) | 0.296 |
Vitamin A (μg) | 120.6 (139.8) | 111.2 (121.6) | 128.8 (165.3) | 0.022* |
Vitamin E (mg) | 5.6 (6.4) | 5.6 (6.4) | 5.5 (6.3) | 0.658 |
Saturated fat (g) | 12.2 (15.3) | 11.1 (15.8) | 13.1 (14.6) | 0.143 |
Monounsaturated fat (g) | 14.7 (18.3) | 14.8 (20.33) | 14.7 (17.0) | 0.930 |
Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 7.9 (8.4) | 8.37 (9.17) | 7.3 (7.7) | 0.285 |
Dietary diversity score | 6.0 (2.01) | 6 (3) | 6 (2.01) | 0.118 |
Physical activity (total metabolic equivalent per week) | 600 (3280) | 960 (4360) | 360 (1890) | < 0.001* |