Association of meal timing with dietary quality in a Serbian population sample

BMC Nutrition

Table 4 Characteristic of Adults Who Do or Do Not Report Eating After 20:00. Data shown is mean and SD or number and percent for 260 non-pregnant, adults

Characteristic	Consume Food After 20:00, n = 193	Do Not Eat After 20:00, n = 67	P-value^a
Age, years	41.6 (15.6)	48.8 (17.3)	0.002^a
Female, number and %	98 (51%)	44 (66%)	0.035^a
Smoker, number and %	117 (63%)	52 (81%)	0.006^a
Employed outside the home, number and %	121 (63%)	32 (49%)	0.034^a
BMI, kg/m² (measured only, n = 114 and n = 37, respectively)	25.1 (4.0)	25.0 (3.8)	0.832
BMI, kg/m²	25. 1 (4.0)	25.7 (4.3)	0.334
Overweight or obese, number and %	84 (44%)	34 (51%)	0.273
Percent of Energy consumed before 16:00	57 (18)	70 (15)	< 0.001^a
Total calorie intake, kcal/d	2407 (1011)	1857 (787)	< 0.001^a
Energy density (kcal/g food)	0.91 (0.33)	0.84 (0.28)	0.108
Number of eating occasions/day	6.1 (1.1)	6.2 (1.1)	0.896
Fruits and vegetables, g/day	464 (289)	501 (311)	0.374
Fiber, g/1000 kcal	10.4 (6.8)	12.4 (5.1)	0.030^a
Saturated fat, % of energy	13.8 (4.5)	11.9 (4.1)	0.002^a
Sugar, % of energy	12.3 (6.1)	15.9 (9.7)	0.001^a
Sodium, g/day	4.2 (3.1)	3.2 (2.7)	0.020^a
Diet Quality Score 4–5 ^b, number and %	36 (19%)	30 (45%)	< 0.001^a
z-Diet Quality Score ^c	−2.2 (2.1)	−1.4 (2.5)	0.009^a

^a P-values are from the Person Chi-square for categorical variables or from two-sample t-tests for continuous variables. After correction for False Discovery Rates, p < 0.036 was significant, as marked
^b The number of individuals with a Diet Quality Score (DQS) 4 or 5 is shown. The range of DQS was 0-5
^cThe z-Diet Quality Score was calculated as the sum of z-scores for each of the five diet quality criteria

ISSN: 2055-0928