| | Males | Females | p | φ |
|---|
DS | 130 (42.3%) | 232 (39.5%) | .414 | |
Vitamins and/or minerals | 79 (23.6%) | 194 (29.1%) | .063 | |
MEDS | 82 (24.5%) | 68 (10.2%) | < .001 | (0.19) |
Protein supplements | 64 (19.1%) | 60 (9.0%) | < .001 | (0.15) |
Creatin | 50 (15%) | 16 (2.4%) | < .001 | (0.24) |
Amino acids | 10 (3%) | 9 (1.4%) | .074 | |
Sports productsa | 47 (14.0%) | 51 (7.7%) | .001 | (0.10) |
Dieting aids | 4 (1.2%) | 8 (1.2%) | *** | |
Herbal products | 6 (1.8%) | 8 (1.2%) | *** | |
Illegal supplementsb | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (0.3%) | *** | |
- DS dietary supplements; MEDS muscle enhancing dietary supplements. aStudents were asked about their use of sports product beyond protein and creatine supplementation (e.g. sports drinks, pre-workout, energy boosters, bars). bAmong different suggested illegal supplements that students could report use of, one male student reported use of growth hormones, while of the two female students reporting use of illegal supplements, central stimuli (n = 2), fat burners that were considered illegal (n = 1), sedatives (n = 1), and narcotics (n = 1), were reported. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 is set as statistically significant when comparing two groups. φ: Phi-coefficient is only presented where there is a significant group difference. *** group difference has not been investigated due to small sample size
