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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of DPP and DPPOS participants by treatment group (N = 3,147)a

From: The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) score and diabetes risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS)

 

All

N = 3,147

Lifestyle

N = 1,044

Metformin

N = 1,044

Placebo

N = 1,059

Age (years)

50.6 ± 10.7

50.6 ± 11.3

51.0 ± 10.3

50.3 ± 10.4

Female (%)

2131 (67.7)

711 (68.1)

692 (66.3)

728 (68.7)

Race/ethnicity (%)

 Non-Hispanic White

1741 (55.3)

572 (54.8)

592 (56.7)

577 (54.5)

 Non-Hispanic Black

620 (19.7)

195 (18.7)

212 (20.3)

213 (20.1)

 Hispanic

490 (15.6)

170 (16.3)

156 (14.9)

164 (15.5)

 American Indian

157 (5.0)

53 (5.1)

48 (4.6)

56 (5.3)

 Asian/Pacific Islander

139 (4.4)

54 (5.2)

36 (3.4)

49 (4.6)

Smoking Status (%)

 Never

1841 (58.5)

606 (58.0)

617 (59.1)

618 (58.4)

 Former

1088 (34.6)

372 (35.6)

356 (34.1)

360 (34.0)

 Current

218 (6.9)

66 (6.3)

71 (6.8)

81 (7.6)

Family History of Diabetes (%)

2182 (69.4)

727 (69.7)

709 (67.9)

746 (70.5)

Marital Status (%)

 Never Married

405 (12.9)

143 (13.7)

135 (12.9)

127 (12.0)

 Living Together

121 (3.8)

44 (4.2)

32 (3.1)

45 (4.2)

 Married

1954 (62.1)

644 (61.7)

646 (61.9)

664 (62.7)

 Separated

88 (2.8)

30 (2.9)

31 (3.0)

27 (2.5)

 Divorced

437 (13.9)

134 (12.8)

154 (14.8)

149 (14.1)

 Widowed

142 (4.5)

49 (4.7)

46 (4.4)

47 (4.4)

Education (years)

14.8 ± 3.1

14.8 ± 3.1

14.9 ± 3.0

14.8 ± 3.2

Receiving hormone therapy (female) (%)

528 (16.8)

183 (17.5)

191 (18.3)

154 (14.5)

BMI (kg/m2)

33.9 ± 6.6

33.8 ± 6.7

33.8 ± 6.6

34.1 ± 6.6

Waist (cm)

105.0 ± 14.4

105.0 ± 14.7

104.8 ± 14.4

105.2 ± 14.2

Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

106.5 ± 8.3

106.2 ± 8.0

106.5 ± 8.5

106.7 ± 8.4

2-Hour glucose (mg/dl)

164.6 ± 17.0

164.3 ± 16.8

165.0 ± 17.3

164.6 ± 17.1

HbA1c (%)

5.9 ± 0.5

5.9 ± 0.5

5.9 ± 0.5

5.9 ± 0.5

Total energy intake (kcal)b

1891 (1453, 2540)

1874 (1451, 2533)

1914 (1474, 2606)

1889 (1424, 2506)

Leisure MET (hours)b

9.9 (4.0, 20.6)

9.7 (4.0, 19.6)

10.1 (4.0, 20.7)

10.0 (3.9, 21.2)

Fruits and Vegetables (serv/day) b

3.8 (2.4, 5.6)

3.7 (2.5, 5.7)

3.8 (2.4, 5.5)

3.8 (2.3, 5.6)

Fiber (g/day) b

14.8 (10.6, 20.1)

14.9 (10.6, 20.3)

14.9 (10.7, 20.0)

14.5 (10.2, 19.9)

Sugar-sweetened beverages (g/day) b

96.3 (11.3, 266.3)

89.4 (16.9, 257.5)

107.5 (17.5, 69.4]

90.0 (8.8, 253.8)

Alcohol (drinks/day) b

0.0 (0.0, 0.1)

0.0 (0.0, 0.1)

0.0 (0.0, 0.2)

0.0 (0.0 , 0.1)

Red meat (g/day) b

241.0 (110.1, 428.4)

238.0 (107.1, 422.5)

249.9 (119.0, 441.8)

238.0 (101.2, 422.5)

Processed meat (g/day) b

122.0 (44.6, 276.7)

130.9 (47.6, 281.1)

125.0 (46.1, 285.6)

116.0 (41.7, 258.8)

UPFs (% kcal/day)

0.4 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

  1. BMI body mass index, DPP Diabetes Prevention Program, DPPOS Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study, kcal kilocalories, MET metabolic equivalent of task, serv servings, UPFs ultra-processed foods
  2. aData are N (%) or mean±SD unless otherwise noted. P-values reported are for ANOVA for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables. There were no significant differences by treatment group (p>0.05).
  3. bData are median (25th and 75th percentile). P-values reported are for Wilcoxon rank sum test. There were no significant differences by treatment group (p>0.05).
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