Table 2 Comparison of dietary macronutrient intakes and food groups between different dietary GI tertiles

Energy (kcal/day)

2233.56 ± 590.46

3037.47 ± 783.69

3771 ± 1215.61

< 0.001

Nutrients

Carbohydrate (g/day)

336.47 ± 114.42

448.97 ± 115.17

567.31 ± 183.70

< 0.001

Protein (g/day)

76.43 ± 19.17

102.27 ± 31.27

120.04 ± 42.90

< 0.001

Total fat (g/day)

73.54 ± 25.92

102.31 ± 40.84

125.60 ± 54.78

< 0.001

Dietary fiber (g/day)

46.66 ± 18.08

65.84 ± 32.96

85.55 ± 48.25

< 0.001

Food groups

Grains (g/day)

8.5 (3.75, 18.1)

15.1 (4.89, 30.33)

17.62 (3.57, 42.49)

< 0.001

Poultry (g/day)

0.72 (0.09, 3.32)

0.81 (0.09, 3.24)

0.76 (0.001, 3.44)

0.696

Egg (g/day)

0.51 (0.01, 2.44)

0.71 (0.07, 2.14)

0.73 (0.04, 2.44)

< 0.001

Red meats (g/day)

15.32 ± 12.24

25.21 ± 28.35

24.92 ± 27.30

0.008

Fish (g/day)

10.66 ± 13.92

10.52 ± 15.56

9.41 ± 11.58

0.601

Fruits (g/day)

3.78 (0.22, 21.63)

3.48 (0.15,10.21)

4.95 (0.7, 9.60)

0.423

Vegetables (g/day)

3.17 (0.93, 9.89)

3.71 (0.75, 13.30)

4.46 (1.01, 15.26)

0.101

Dairy products (g/day)

1.74 (0.10, 4.78)

1.99 (0.39, 6.13)

2.37 (0.21, 7.44)

0.029

Legumes (g/day)

0.60 (0.05, 1.74)

0.72 (0.02, 3.75)

0.85 (0.13, 5.94)

0.099