Table 3 Dietary macronutrient intakes of participants according to the categories of dietary habits

Meal frequency

<  3 meal/day

2497 ± 1224.78

63.03 ± 31.93

25.51 ± 4.82

69.28 ± 39.73

28.09 ± 9.26

412.2 ± 219.09

164.1 ± 21.67

20.25 ± 12.74

8.34 ± 2.84

50.26 ± 64.39

19.39 ± 17.18

3 meal/day

2690 ± 1172.56

71.69 ± 33.63

26.73 ± 4.19

73.32 ± 36.40

27.82 ± 8.16

442.9 ± 210.04

163.5 ± 17.96

23.13 ± 11.22

8.79 ± 2.58

40.37 ± 32.03

15.29 ± 10.3

4–6 meal/day

2919 ± 1136.28

78.31 ± 32.06

26.92 ± 3.55

82.24 ± 35.84

28.68 ± 7.51

476.8 ± 204.02

162.2 ± 16.45

27.80 ± 11.85

9.7 ± 2.6

42.66 ± 35.24

14.56 ± 8.48

>  6 meal/day

3482 ± 1378.54^a

91.67 ± 36.31

26.67 ± 3.8

96.84 ± 40.97

28.4 ± 7.08

578.2 ± 247.84

164.5 ± 16.06

36.55 ± 15.04

10.75 ± 2.84

57.17 ± 45.89

15.94 ± 9.04

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

< 0.001

0.001

* < 0.001

0.004

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

< 0.001

* < 0.001

Fried-food consumption

<  1 time/month

2269 ± 1015.45

62.5 ± 29.93

27.62 ± 4.32

58.86 ± 32.7

26.37 ± 8.02

380.2 ± 180.61

166.7 ± 17.74

21.88 ± 10.6

9.89 ± 3.34

31.07 ± 24.84

13.83 ± 8.46

1–3 time/month

2711 ± 1065.11

71.88 ± 29.06

26.69 ± 3.76

74.12 ± 31.9

27.88 ± 7.41

448.5 ± 194.32

164.1 ± 16.63

25.44 ± 11.2

9.55 ± 2.72

40.38 ± 35.68

14.82 ± 10.02

>  3 time/month

2992 ± 1184.95

80.22 ± 33.89

26.87 ± 3.64

84.77 ± 37.33

28.88 ± 7.68

487.3 ± 212.56

161.7 ± 16.89

27.95 ± 12.4

9.49 ± 2.53

45.11 ± 39.25

15.07 ± 9.24

Daily

3120 ± 1209.74

82.74 ± 33.83

26.58 ± 3.72

89.86 ± 38.79

29.5 ± 7.92

505.6 ± 218.61

160.5 ± 16.87

29.10 ± 12.8

9.46 ± 2.59

46.43 ± 32.46

15.07 ± 8.75

* < 0.001

< 0.001

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

< 0.001

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

*0.007

* < 0.001

0.023

Adding salt to prepared meal

No

2790 ± 1118.14

74.83 ± 31.6

26.93 ± 3.75

78.29 ± 35.32

28.53 ± 7.69

456.3 ± 199.99

162.5 ± 16.98

26.54 ± 11.77

9.68 ± 2.7

40.63 ± 34.94

14.54 ± 9.02

Sometimes

3027 ± 1202.96

80.91 ± 33.39

26.81 ± 3.45

83.35 ± 36.88

28.16 ± 7.75

497.3 ± 220.55

162.9 ± 16.75

27.31 ± 12.77

9.12 ± 2.36

44.85 ± 32.67

15.03 ± 8.87

Yes

3285 ± 1282.24

86.27 ± 36.57

26.24 ± 3.79

92.01 ± 40.75

28.62 ± 7.64

538.5 ± 230.57

162.6 ± 16.9

29.2 ± 13.83

8.95 ± 2.47

54.99 ± 46.3

16.91 ± 11.23

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

< 0.001

* < 0.001

0.362

* < 0.001

0.870

* < 0.001

< 0.001

* < 0.001

< 0.001

barbecued-food consumption

<  1 time/month

2606 ± 1109.5

69.72 ± 31.54

26.83 ± 3.73

70.26 ± 33.29

27.61 ± 8.19

431.8 ± 201.99

164.4 ± 17.77

24.31 ± 11.43

9.5 ± 2.74

38.28 ± 32.24

14.78 ± 9.75

1–3 time/month

2967 ± 1128.6

79.02 ± 31.49

26.75 ± 3.62

83.83 ± 34.87

28.82 ± 7.37

484.3 ± 204.41

162.0 ± 16.35

27.65 ± 11.7

9.49 ± 2.56

44.12 ± 37.47

14.86 ± 9.18

>  3 time/month

3249 ± 1240.86

87.46 ± 35.32

27.04 ± 4.07

94.93 ± 41.69

29.61 ± 7.21

524.1 ± 218.51

160.4 ± 16.37

31.04 ± 13.83

9.69 ± 2.72

50.48 ± 42.87

15.4 ± 9.08

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

0.035

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

* < 0.001

0.030

* < 0.001

0.090

Type of frying vegetables

Little frying, Sauteing

2864 ± 1149.78

76.47 ± 32.7

26.75 ± 3.73

80.61 ± 36.81

28.58 ± 7.57

468.3 ± 203.78

162.6 ± 16.72

27.1 ± 12.27

9.61 ± 2.64

42.84 ± 34.44

15.06 ± 9.31

Medium amount of frying, until golden yellow

2946 ± 1200.07

78.91 ± 34.05

26.62 ± 3.78

83.3 ± 36.97

28.92 ± 7.75

480.4 ± 216.57

161.6 ± 17.05

26.93 ± 12.24

9.3 ± 2.62

43.9 ± 41.35

14.79 ± 9.5

A lot of frying, until browned

3049 ± 1204.55

81.9 ± 34.01

26.95 ± 3.83

85.88 ± 38.21

28.69 ± 8.06

497.1 ± 217.58

161.8 ± 17.77

27.91 ± 13.92

9.22 ± 3.7

46.35 ± 31.95

15.48 ± 9.23

Does not fry foods

2800 ± 1131.61

75.2 ± 31.27

27.02 ± 3.69

77.24 ± 35.18

28.06 ± 7.65

461.0 ± 204.07

163.5 ± 16.81

26.59 ± 11.5

9.7 ± 2.66

41.54 ± 37.23

14.69 ± 9.39

> 0.001

* < 0.001

0.001

> 0.001

0.001

> 0.001

0.001

0.037

* < 0.001

0.004

0.116

Used oil type

Solid oil

2883 ± 1224.45

75.53 ± 35.13

26.22 ± 3.93

80.73 ± 35.72

28.85 ± 8

472.0 ± 224.73

161.9 ± 17.59

25.8 ± 12.29

9.07 ± 2.52

44.51 ± 44.08

15.38 ± 10.76

Semi solid oil)Margarine)

2907 ± 1162.38

75.88 ± 32.84

26.1 ± 3.72

83.47 ± 38.71

29.3 ± 8.4

471.2 ± 205.11

161.0 ± 18.12

25.54 ± 11.57

8.94 ± 2.44

44.42 ± 33.2

15.41 ± 9.56

Liquid oil

2786 ± 1122.41

74.65 ± 30.69

27 ± 3.87

78.24 ± 37.08

28.49 ± 7.96

456.2 ± 201

162.7 ± 17.65

26.78 ± 12.44

9.78 ± 2.8

41.75 ± 39.86

14.73 ± 9.35

Frying oil

2914 ± 1159.92

78.3 ± 32.84

26.96 ± 3.63

81 ± 35.43

28.31 ± 7.43

477.9 ± 208.44

162.9 ± 16.38

27.36 ± 12.1

9.55 ± 2.59

43.18 ± 35.11

14.89 ± 9.18

0.001

> 0.001

> 0.001

0.004

0.004

0.002

0.017

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.196

0.148

Reuse oil number

none

2866 ± 1139.8

76.62 ± 31.93

26.85 ± 3.74

80.48 ± 36.14

28.58 ± 7.71

468.7 ± 204.19

162.4 ± 17

26.94 ± 12.03

9.56 ± 2.67

42.8 ± 36.02

14.9 ± 9.17

once

2939 ± 1286.25

78.14 ± 36.51

26.66 ± 3.68

81.07 ± 39.06

28.13 ± 7.48

483.6 ± 229.87

163.4 ± 16.4

26.91 ± 12.72

9.35 ± 2.56

44.51 ± 42.34

15.18 ± 10.54

more than twice

3088 ± 1213.16

83.22 ± 37.14

26.77 ± 3.97

84.45 ± 35.25

28.02 ± 8.16

508.1 ± 226.4

163.2 ± 17.96

28.5 ± 14.33

9.19 ± 2.44

41.76 ± 32.85

13.85 ± 9.36

0.005

0.007

0.233

0.285

0.108

0.003

0.138

0.195

0.007

0.284

0.163