Table 2 Characteristics and dietary intakes among cases and controls

Demographic variables

  Age(year)

38.63 ± 8.71

37.88 ± 8.92

0.293

  Male, n (%)

125 (55.6)

233 (51.8)

0.354

  BMI(Kg/m²)

30.56 ± 4.02

24.99 ± 3.10

 < 0.001

  Smoking, n (%)

16 (7.1)

12 (2.7)

0.008

  Physical activity (MET/min/week)

1119 ± 616

1590 ± 949

 < 0.001

  SES, n (%)

0.127

    Low

65 (28.9)

158 (35.1)

    Middle

104 (46.2)

206 (45.8)

    High

56 (24.9)

86 (19.1)

Nutrient intake

  Energy intake (Kcal/d)

2369 ± 621

2227 ± 645

0.006

  Carbohydrate (% of energy)

57.27 ± 7.69

57.37 ± 6.93

0.874

  Protein (% of energy)

13.55 ± 2.55

13.60 ± 2.28

0.792

  fat (% of energy)

31.49 ± 7.54

31.62 ± 6.64

0.823

  Saturated fats(% of energy)

10.22 ± 3.07

10.49 ± 2.91

0.269

  Polyunsaturated fatty acids(% of energy)

6.60 ± 2.47

6.35 ± 2.20

0.211

  Fibre (g/1000 kcal)

16.77 ± 8.34

15.86 ± 6.47

0.013

  BCAAs (% of energy)

2.51 ± 0.52

2.35 ± 0.49

 < 0.001

  AAAs (% of energy)

1.29 ± 0.25

1.21 ± 0.24

 < 0.001

  SAAs (% of energy)

0.51 ± 0.10

0.47 ± 0.09

 < 0.001