Table 3 Mean BQI score and distribution of participants in BQI categories according to demographic, socioeconomic and anthropometric characteristic in Iranian adults
From: Time-related meal patterns and breakfast quality in a sample of Iranian adults
| Â | BQI score Mean (95%CI) | P value | Total population n (%) | % distribution of participants according BQI categories | P value b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Medium | High | |||||
(0-3points) | (4–6 points) | (7–10 points) | |||||
n = 850 | n = 231 | n = 529 | n = 90 | ||||
n (%) | % | % | % | ||||
Gender | Â | 0.199 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.583 |
 Males | 4.86 (4.59–5.10) |  | 147 (17.3) | 25.4 | 64.2 | 10.1 |  |
 Females | 4.68 ( 4.56–4.79) |  | 703 (80.7) | 26.8 | 61.3 | 11.9 |  |
Age | Â | 0.161 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.047* |
 20–40 y | 4.79 (4.64–4.94) |  | 404 (47.5) | 25.8 | 61.3 | 12.9 |  |
 40–60 y | 4.64 (4.49–4.78) |  | 446 (52.5) | 28.6 | 62.4 | 9.1 |  |
Smoking status | Â | 0.301 | Â | Â | Â | 5 | 0.571 |
 Non-smoker | 4.71 (4.60–4.82) |  | 802 (94.4) | 27.4 | 62.1 | 10.5 |  |
 Ex-smoker | 4.30 (3.61–4.98) |  | 20 (2.4) | 25 | 70 |  |  |
 Current smoker | 5 (4.47–5.52) |  | 28 (3.2) | 28.4 | 60.9 | 10.7 |  |
Educational level | Â | 0.51 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Diploma and under diploma | 4.53 (4.41–4.66) |  | 553 (65.55) | 76.1 | 64.6 | 63.7 | 0.725 |
 Eeducated | 4.56 (4.38–4.74) |  | 297 (34.95) | 32.9 | 35.4 | 36.3 |  |
Body Mass Index (BMI) | Â | 0.45 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.673 |
 Underweight | 4.09 (3.11–5.06) |  | 11 (1.3) | 27.1 | 72.9 | 0 |  |
 Normal weight | 4.78 (4.60–4.96) |  | 283 (33.3) | 25.6 | 62.2 | 12.2 |  |
 Overweight | 4.70 (4.53–4.85) |  | 341 (40.1) | 27.9 | 63.5 | 9.6 |  |
 Obese | 4.67 (4.45- 4.89) |  | 215 (25.3) | 29.1 | 59.8 | 11.1 |  |
Supplement intake | Â | 0.06 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.274 |
 Yes | 4.76 (4.64- 4.88) |  | 201 (23.6) | 28.1 | 61.2 | 10.7 |  |
 No | 4.53 (4.32- 4.75) |  | 649 (76.4) | 27.3 | 63.2 | 9.5 |  |
Chronotype | Â | 0.08 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.616 |
 Morning type | 4.63 (4. 44- 4. 88) |  | 435 (50.2%) | 25.5 | 44.4 | 30.1 |  |
 Indifferent type | 4.47 (4.54- 4.69) |  | 340 (41%) | 28.8 | 44.1 | 27.1 |  |
 Evening type | 4.34 (4.17- 4.55) |  | 75 (8.8%) | 29.3 | 48 | 22.7 |  |