Table 2 Dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric indices of the participants (n = 80)

Energy

(kcal/day)

Baseline

2050.52 ± 552.41

2182.80 ± 561.49

0.29*

8th week

1938.29 ± 510.84

1815.42 ± 418.58

0.24*

P-value

0.18^#

< 0.01^#

Mean differences

− 112.22 ± 521.57

− 367.37 ± 461.63

0.02*

Protein

(g/day)

Baseline

70.01 ± 19.24

71.04 ± 25.36

0.83*

8th week

63.02 ± 17.47

60.37 ± 21.56

0.54*

P-value

0.03^#

< 0.01^#

Mean differences

− 6.98 ± 19.62

− 10.67 ± 20.75

0.41*

Carbohydrate

(g/day)

Baseline

301.97 ± 93.99

314.29 ± 88.43

0.54*

8th week

286.95 ± 92.09

246.33 ± 73.42

0.22*

P-value

0.26^#

< 0.01^#

Mean differences

− 15.01 ± 84.28

− 49.96 ± 71.02

0.04*

Fat

(g/day)

Baseline

63.66 ± 20.75

70.79 ± 22.19

0.14*

8th week

61.60 ± 18.18

58.86 ± 10.76

0.41*

P-value

0.55^#

< 0.01^#

Mean differences

− 2.06 ± 21.69

− 11.93 ± 21.29

0.04*

Fiber

(g/day)

Baseline

12.04 ± 4.27

14.09 ± 6.60

0.10*

8th week

13.43 ± 10.18

15.96 ± 20.64

0.48*

P-value

0.41^#

0.59^#

Mean differences

1.38 ± 10.56

1.87 ± 21.94

0.90*

Physical Activity

(MET.min/week)

Baseline

437.51 ± 86.34

302.23 ± 69.43

0.22*

8th week

475.32 ± 84.28

322.51 ± 57.25

0.13*

P-value

0.63^#

0.75^#

Mean differences

37.81 ± 497.81

20.27 ± 401.96

0.86*

Weight

(kg)

Baseline

80.31 ± 13.52

85.02.95 ± 12.99

0.11*

8th week

79.49 ± 13.47

84.49 ± 13.11

0.09*

P-value

0.01^#

0.02^#

Mean differences

− 0.82 ± 2.06

− 0.53 ± 1.39

0.13^†

Height

(cm)

Baseline

164.10 ± 10.04

168.95 ± 9.65

0.03*

8th week

-

-

-

P-value

-

-

Mean differences

-

-

-

BMI

(kg/m²)

Baseline

29.71 ± 3.07

29.72 ± 3.50

0.98*

8th week

29.40 ± 3.08

29.53 ± 3.55

0.86*

P-value

0.01^#

0.01^#

Mean differences

− 0.30 ± 0.75

− 0.19 ± 0.47

0.11^†

Waist circumference

(cm)

Baseline

100.80 ± 8.27

100.55 ± 7.28

0.88*

8th week

100.15 ± 8.20

99.47 ± 7.39

0.70*

P-value

0.01^#

< 0.01^#

Mean differences

− 0.65 ± 1.67

− 1.07 ± 1.45

0.58^†