Table 7 Bivariate Analysis of stunting, underweight, and wasting with the predictors
Predictors | Stunting | P-value | Underweight | P-value | Wasting | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | Yes (%) | Â | No (%) | Yes (%) | Â | ||
Place of residence | |||||||||
 Urban | 8893 (75.7) | 2852 (24.3) | 0.000 | 10,747 (91.5) | 997 (8.5) | 0.000 | 11,225 (95.6) | 520 (4.4) | 0.000 |
 Rural | 25,902 (62.3) | 15,676 (37.3) |  | 34,681 (83.4) | 6897 (16.6) |  | 39,354 (94.7) | 2223 (5.3) |  |
Education level of mother | |||||||||
 No education | 8072 (56.7) | 6152 (43.3) |  | 10,852 (76.3) | 3372 (23.7) |  | 13,087 (92.0) | 1137 (8.0) |  |
 Primary | 16,908 (64.1) | 9484 (35.9) | 0.000 | 22,833 (86.5) | 3560 (13.5) | 0.000 | 25,294 (95.8) | 1099 (4.2) | 0.000 |
 Secondary +  | 9815 (77.2) | 2891 (22.8) |  | 11,744 (92.4) | 962 (7.6) |  | 12,198 (96.0) | 507 (4.0) |  |
Source of drinking water | |||||||||
 Not improved | 23,473 (64.3) | 13,058 (35.7) | 0.000 | 31,044 (85.0) | 5488 (15.0) | 0.045 | 34,588 (94.7) | 1940 (5.3) | 0.010 |
 Improved | 11,322 (67.4) | 5472 (32.6) |  | 14,384 (85.6) | 2410 (14.4) |  | 15,990 (95.2) | 803 (4.8) |  |
Family size | |||||||||
 Small | 10,431 (66.0) | 5380 (34.0) |  | 13,740 (86.9) | 2071 (13.1) |  | 15,088 (95.4) | 723 (4.6) |  |
 Medium | 21,433 (64.6) | 11,734 (35.4) | 0.000 | 27,976 (84.3) | 5191 (15.7) | 0.000 | 31,408 (94.7) | 1759 (5.3) | 0.000 |
 Large | 2931 (67.5) | 1414 (32.5) |  | 3712 (85.4) | 633 (14.6) |  | 4083 (94.0) | 261 (6.0) |  |
Number of under-five children | |||||||||
 Only one | 13,433 (68.1) | 6292 (31.9) |  | 17,250 (87.4) | 2476 (12.6) |  | 18,841 (95.5) | 885 (4.5) |  |
 Two | 15,288 (63.1) | 8907 (36.9) | 0.000 | 20,276 (84.0) | 3859 (16.0) | 0.000 | 22,892 (94.8) | 1243 (5.2) | 0.000 |
 3 and more | 6133 (64.8) | 3328 (35.2) |  | 7902 (83.5) | 1559 (16.5) |  | 8846 (93.5) | 615 (6.5) |  |
Wealth index | |||||||||
 Poor | 14,355 (59.4) | 9828 (40.6) |  | 19,645 (81.2) | 4539 (18.8) |  | 22,747 (94.1) | 1437 (5.9) |  |
 Middle | 6676 (63.8) | 3786 (36.2) | 0.000 | 8893 (85.0) | 1568 (15.0) | 0.000 | 9915 (94.8) | 547 (5.2) | 0.000 |
 Rich | 13,763 (73.7) | 4913 (26.3) |  | 16,890 (90.4) | 1787 (9.6) |  | 17,917 (95.9) | 759 (4.1) |  |
Mother age at first birth | |||||||||
 Less than 20 | 19,658 (64.2) | 10,985 (35.8) |  | 26,114 (85.2) | 4529 (14.8) |  | 29,132 (95.1) | 1511 (4.9) |  |
 20 to 34 | 15,064 (66.8) | 7495 (33.2) | 0.000 | 19,221 (85.2) | 3337 (14.8) | 0.031 | 21,336 (94.6) | 1223 (5.4) | 0.021 |
 35 to 49 | 72 (60.0) | 48 (40.0) |  | 92 (76.7) | 28 (23.3) |  | 111 (92.5) | 9 (7.5) |  |
Education level of husband | |||||||||
 No education | 5903 (55.8) | 4681 (44.2) |  | 7982 (75.4) | 2602 (24.6) |  | 9707 (91.7) | 878 (8.3) |  |
 Primary | 16,442 (63.3) | 9517 (36.7) | 0.000 | 22,159 (85.4) | 3800 (14.6) | 0.000 | 24,798 (95.5) | 1161 (4.5) | 0.000 |
 Secondary +  | 12,449 (74.2) | 4329 (25.8) |  | 15,287 (91.1) | 1491 (8.9) |  | 16,074 (95.8) | 704 (4.2) |  |
Birth order of child | |||||||||
 First | 6929 (67.0) | 3414 (33.0) |  | 9040 (87.4) | 1303 (12.6) |  | 9871 (95.4) | 473 (4.6) |  |
 2 to3 | 13,407 (67.4) | 6473 (32.6) | 0.000 | 17,317 (87.1) | 2563 (12.9) | 0.000 | 18,964 (95.4) | 917 (4.6) | 0.000 |
 4 to 5 | 7881 (63.8) | 4480 (36.2) |  | 10,318 (83.5) | 2043 (16.5) |  | 11,663 (94.4) | 698 (5.6) |  |
 6 and more | 6577 (61.2) | 4161 (38.8) |  | 8752 (81.5) | 1985 (18.5) |  | 10,082 (93.9) | 656 (6.1) |  |
Birth type of child | |||||||||
 Single birth | 34,131 (65.8) | 17,777 (34.2) | 0.000 | 44,405 (85.5) | 7503 (14.5) | 0.000 | 49,260 (94.9) | 2648 (5.1) | 0.007 |
 Multiple births | 663 (46.9) | 751 (53.1) |  | 1023 (72.3) | 391 (27.7) |  | 1319 (93.3) | 95 (6.7) |  |
Sex of child | |||||||||
 Male | 16,691 (62.3) | 10,079 (37.3) | 0.000 | 22,567 (84.3) | 4203 (15.7) | 0.000 | 25,304 (94.5) | 1466 (5.5) | 0.000 |
 Female | 18,103 (68.2) | 8449 (31.8) |  | 22,861 (86.1) | 3691 (13.9) |  | 25,275 (95.2) | 1277 (4.8) |  |
Breastfeeding | |||||||||
 No | 582 (61.1) | 370 (38.9) | 0.007 | 757 (79.4) | 196 (20.6) | 0.000 | 891 (93.6) | 61 (6.4) | 0.075 |
 Yes | 34,212 (65.3) | 18,157 (34.7) |  | 44,671 (85.3) | 7698 (14.7) |  | 49,687 (94.9) | 2682 (5.1) |  |
Place of delivery | |||||||||
 Home | 10,434 (61.0) | 6665 (39.0) | 0.000 | 13,641 (79.8) | 3458 (20.2) | 0.000 | 15,889 (92.9) | 1210 (7.1) | 0.000 |
 Health facility | 24,361 (67.3) | 11,863 (32.7) |  | 31,787 (87.8) | 4436 (12.2) |  | 34,690 (95.8) | 1533 (4.2) |  |
Size of children at birth | |||||||||
 Small | 4688 (55.6) | 3749 (44.4) |  | 6315 (74.8) | 2122 (25.2) |  | 7734 (91.7) | 704 (8.3) |  |
 Average | 19,361 (66.2) | 9885 (33.8) | 0.000 | 25,200 (86.2) | 4046 (13.8) | 0.000 | 27,847 (95.2) | 1399 (4.8) | 0.000 |
 Large | 10,745 (68.7) | 4893 (31.3) |  | 13,913 (89.0) | 1726 (11.0) |  | 14,998 (95.9) | 641 (4.) |  |
Diarrhea | |||||||||
 No | 29,476 (65.9) | 15,261 (34.1) | 0.000 | 38,410 (85.9) | 6327 (14.1) | 0.000 | 42,524 (951.) | 2212 (4.9) | 0.000 |
 Yes | 5319 (62.0) | 3266 (38.0) |  | 7018 (81.7) | 1567 (18.3) |  |  |  |  |
Fever | |||||||||
 No | 27,285 (66.2) | 13,946 (33.8) | 0.000 | 35,464 (86.0) | 5767 (14.0) | 0.000 | 39,195 (95.1) | 2035 (4.9) | 0.000 |
 Yes | 7510(62.1) | 4582 (37.9) |  | 9964 (82.4) | 2127 (17.6) |  | 11,384 (94.1) | 708 (5.9) |  |
Cough | |||||||||
 No | 24,970 (65.3) | 13,295 (34.7) | 0.982 | 32,615 (85.2) | 5650 (14.8) | 0.686 | 36,250 (94.7) | 2015 (5.3) | 0.043 |
 Yes | 9824 (65.2) | 5233 (34.8) |  | 12,813 (85.1) | 2244 (14.9) |  | 14,328 (95.2) | 728 (4.8) |  |
Age of children in months | |||||||||
 Infant | 9138 (82.3) | 1969 (17.7) | 0.000 | 9977 (89.8) | 1130 (10.2) | 0.000 | 10,228 (92.1) | 879 (7.9) | 0.000 |
 12 to 59 | 25,657 (60.8) | 16,559 (39.2) |  | 35,451 (84.0) | 6764 (16.0) |  | 40,351 (95.6) | 1864 (4.4) |  |