Table 8 Parameter estimation of undernutrition indicators using Multivariate binary logistic regression

Intercept

3.188 (3.054, 3.328)

0.000

2.941 (2.872, 3.011)

0.000

2.765 (2.741, 2.790)

0.000

Place of residence

 Urban

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Rural

1.052 (1.040, 1.064)

0.000

1.006 (1.000, 1.013)

0.000

1.000 (0.997, 1.001)

0.416

Education level of mother

 No education

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Primary

0.992 (0.912, 0.931)

0.000

0.974 (0.968, 0.979)

0.000

0.998 (0.995, 1.000)

0.033

 Secondary + 

0.987 (0.979, 0.994)

0.000

1.000 (0.999, 1.013)

0.078

0.999 (0.995, 0.999)

0.018

Source of drinking water

 Not improved

1.022 (1.012, 1.031)

0.000

1.007 (1.002, 1.012)

0.007

1.000 (0.998,1.001)

0.656

 Improved

Ref

Ref

Ref

Family size

 Small

0.969 (0.957, 0.982)

0.000

0.995 (0.988, 1.003)

0.207

1.000 (0.997, 1.002)

0.740

 Medium

0.992 (0.984, 1.000)

0.061

0.997 (0.992, 1.001)

0.129

1.000 (0.998, 1.017)

0.768

 large

Ref

Ref

Ref

Number of under-five children

 Only one

1.007 (0.998, 1.017)

0.135

1.001 (0.995, 1.006)

0.836

1.001 (0.999, 1.003)

0.379

 Two

0.969 (0.962, 0.976)

0.000

0.993 (0.989, 0.997)

0.000

1.000 (0.999, 1.002)

0.926

 3 and more

Ref

Ref

Ref

Wealth index

 Poor

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Middle

0.944 (0.936, 0.951)

0.000

0.986 (0.982, 0.990)

0.000

0.999 (0.997, 1.001)

0.294

 Rich

0.987 (0.978, 0.996)

0.004

1.000 (0.995, 1.005)

0.979

1.000 (0.998, 1.002)

0.797

Mothers at first birth

 Less than 20

Ref

Ref

Ref

 20 to 34

1.049 (0.986, 1.116)

0.129

1.018 (0.984, 1.053)

0.307

1.001 (0.988, 1.014)

0.876

 35 to 49

1.019 (0.983, 1.057)

0.295

1.003 (0.983, 1.023)

0.771

1.000 (0.993, 1.008)

0.986

Husband education level

 No education

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Primary

0.951 (0.941, 0.961)

0.000

0.976 (0.970, 0.981)

0.000

0.998 (0.996, 1.000)

0.063

 Secondary + 

0.994 (0.987, 1.002)

0.124

1.001 (0.998, 1.015)

0.000

1.002 (0.999, 1.003)

0.009

Birth order of children

 First

Ref

Ref

Ref

 2 to 3

1.000 (0.989, 1.011)

0.996

1.002 (0.996, 1.008)

0.486

1.000 (0.998, 1.002)

0.951

 4 to 5

1.004 (0.996, 1.013)

0.326

1.001 (0.996, 1.006)

0.770

1.000 (0.999, 1.002)

0.649

 6 and more

0.990 (0.982, 0.998)

0.011

0.996 (0.992, 1.001)

0.059

1.000 (0.998, 1.001)

0.078

Birth type of children

 Single birth

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Multiple births

1.272 (1.240, 1.305)

0.000

1.069 (1.054, 1.084)

0.000

1.001 (0.996, 1.007)

0.610

Sex of children

 Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Female

0.937 (0.929, 0.944)

0.000

0.990 (0.985, 0.994)

0.000

0.998 (0.997, 1.000)

0.064

Breastfeeding

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.999 (0.992, 1.071)

0.078

0.993 (0.977, 1.009)

0.391

0.997 (0.991, 1.003)

0.290

Place of delivery

 Home

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Health facility

0.998 (1.022, 1.042)

0.000

0.985 (0.980, 0.990)

0.000

0.997 (0.995, 0.999)

0.002

Birth size of a child

 Small

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Average

0.904 (0.896, 0.912)

0.000

0.956 (0.951, 0.961)

0.000

0.996 (0.994, 0.998)

0.000

 Large

1.027 (1.020, 1.034)

0.000

1.015 (1.011, 1.019)

0.000

1.002 (1.000, 1.003)

0.029

Diarrhea

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.048 (1.036, 1.060)

0.000

1.017 (1.010, 1.023)

0.000

1.001 (0.999, 1.004)

0.239

Fever

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.022 (1.011, 1.033)

0.000

1.010 (1.004, 1.016)

0.000

1.001 (0.999, 1.003)

0.346

Cough

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.003 (0.993, 1.013)

0.563

1.000 (0.995, 1.006)

0.992

0.999 (0.997, 1.001)

0.298

Age of children in months

 Infant

Ref

Ref

Ref

 12 to 59

1.166 (1.157, 1.174)

0.000

1.020 (1.016, 1.024)

0.000

1.002 (1.002, 1.017)

0.000

Random effect

 Variance

2.790

0.000

2.446

0.000

2.521

0.000

 ICC%

59.10

55.87

56.61

Dependency

OR (95%CI)

P-value

Stunting and underweight

3.188 (3.054 – 3.328)

0.000

Stunting and wasting

1.015 (0.733 – 1.406)

0.136

Underweight and wasting

2.734 (2.734 – 2.879)

0.000