Table 3 Study characteristics of synthesised articles
Author, Year of Publication (20) | Country | Qualitative Methods | Participants’ Characteristics | Recruitment | Dietary Behaviour Measured |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antin and Hunt (2012) [41] | United States | Semi-structured, free list and card sorting activity, photo-elicitation activity (Multi-method qualitative) | African American young women (low-income) age range between 18–25 years, (N = 20) | Recruited via posters in the local community and online | Food choices |
Beagan and Chapman (2012) [42] | Canada | Semi-structured, Observations (Ethnography) | African Nova Scotian (Indigenous African), aged 13 to 71 years (N = 13 families comprise of 38 participants, 14 youths, 22 adults, and 2 elders). | Recruited via advertisements, word of mouth, and snowballing. | Food practice and healthy eating |
Blanchet et al. (2018) [35] | Canada | In-depth Interview (Exploratory qualitative study) | Sub-Sahara African and Caribbean immigrants’ mothers, aged between 30 to 45 years (N = 12) | Volunteers from the previous study were invited to take part in the present study. | Dietary acculturation |
Chapman et al. (2011) [43] | Canada | Semi-structured interviews and observation (Ethnography) | Punjabi families, 13 youths, 19 adults and 7 elders (N = 39) | Purposeful sampling recruited families | Food practices and healthy eating |
Garnweidner et al. (2012) [36] | Norway | In-depth interviews (Phenomenology) | African and Asian women immigrants, low-middle SES aged between 25–60 years (N = 21) | Purposeful sampling | Food habits and dietary acculturation |
Jakub et al. (2018) [27] | United States | Focus groups (Ethnography) | Second-generational African immigrants aged 18–23 years (N = 20) | Recruited via community contacts and snowball via word-of-mouth | Food practices and healthy eating |
James (2004) [46] | United States | Focus groups (Qualitative study) | African American men and women of low-middle SES, aged 18–69 years (N = 40) | Recruited through community contacts and asked for volunteers | Food choices |
Koenig et al. (2012) [28] | United States | Focus groups (Ethnography) | Asian Indians, men and women, high SES (N = 15) Age not reported | Recruited via medical health records and self-identified individuals | Food practice and health |
Lawrence et al. (2007) [29] | United Kingdom | Focus groups (Qualitative study) | African (Somalia, Zimbabwe), South Asian (Pakistani/ Bangladeshi) girls and young women aged 12-35yrs (N = 33) | Recruited via local network and contacts with community leaders | Food choices |
Leu and Banwell (2016) [37] | Australia | In-depth interviews (Qualitative study) | Southeast Asian undergraduate students, males and females, aged 18 years and over (N = 31) | Recruited via South Asian students’ organisation, campus events and snowballing | Food preferences and behaviours |
Mahadevan and Blair (2009) [44] | United States | In-depth interviews and observation (Grounded Theory) | Indians, vegetarians, men and women were aged 20–70 years (N = 28). | Friends and acquaintances of the lead researcher, social contacts, and snowballing | Dietary acculturation |
Mellin-Olsen and Wandel (2005) [30] | Norway | Focus groups (Qualitative Study) | Pakistani immigrants’ women (N = 25) (Age not reported). | Recruited via the Oslo Health Study 2000–2001, using a purposive sampling method | |
Mensah et al. (2022) [40] | United Kingdom | In-depth interviews (Phenomenology) | Afro-Caribbean, Asian, Latino and Hispanic Students aged 18–50 years (N = 43). | Recruited via university societies, chain referral sampling | Dietary acculturation |
Mukherjea et al. (2013) [31] | United States | Focus groups (Exploratory) | Asian Indian immigrants, men and women, aged 45–84 years (N = 38) | Recruited via putting flyers at the community centres, Indian grocery stores, and faith-based organisations | Dietary beliefs and practices |
Nicolaou et al. (2009) [32] | Netherlands | Focus groups (Qualitative study) | Turkish and Moroccan immigrants’ men and women aged = 20–40 years (N = 83) | Recruited via community centres, mosques, and organisations using leaflets and word of mouth | Dietary acculturation |
Ochieng (2011) [38] | United Kingdom | In-depth Interviews (Qualitative study) | African Caribbean (eight men and ten women) aged 39–60 years (N = 18) | Recruited via Black churches and voluntary organisations using the purposive sampling method. | Dietary behaviours |
Osei-Kwasi et al. (2017) [39] | United Kingdom | In-depth interviews (Narrative approach) | Ghanaians men and women aged 25–68 years (N = 31) | Recruited via gatekeeper, personal contacts, and snowballing | Dietary acculturation |
Tiedje et al. (2014) [33] | United States | Focus groups (Community-based participatory research) | Somali, Mexican, Cambodian, and Sudanese immigrants, males and female, low SES, aged 11–65 years (N = 54) | Recruited via community partners using a purposive sampling method. | Dietary practices and healthy eating |
Venkatesh and Weatherspoon (2018) [34] | United States | Focus groups (Qualitative study) | Indian immigrants, men and women, middle to high SES, aged 18 and over (N = 30) | Recruited via Indian clubs, temples, Indian stores, restaurants, and physicians’ offices using flyers | Dietary acculturation |
Wilson and Renzaho (2015) [46] | Australia | Semi-structured interviews and focus groups (Exploratory qualitative) | Ethiopian, Somali and Sudanese refugees’ parents (N = 15 adolescents and 25 parents) | Recruited via gatekeepers such as ethnic organisations, clubs and church using purposive sampling method | Food beliefs |