Table 4 Results of meta-synthesis of qualitative research findings
Findings | Categories | Synthesised findings |
|---|---|---|
Familiarity | Socio-cultural factors | Social, cultural and religious factors |
Cultural and racial well-being | ||
Positive behaviours | ||
Cultural identity | ||
Culture | ||
Loss of culture | ||
Reinforcing factor influencing being a South Indian | ||
Native” social and cultural understandings and influences of food-related behaviour from India | ||
Identity | ||
Community values and cultural identity | ||
Black ways of eating | ||
Social network | ||
Religious beliefs | Religious beliefs | |
Family, community, and religious ties to traditional African foods | ||
Food, caring and happiness | Food for hospitality | |
Social pressure | ||
Tradition of hospitality | ||
Hospitality and migrant context | ||
Enjoyable experiences | Psychological Factor | |
Filling | ||
Hunger and feeling full | ||
Convenience | Convenience | Availability and accessibility |
Shortcuts | ||
Busy lives | ||
Busy and complex lifestyles | ||
Convenience of Australian food | ||
Time | Time scarcity | |
Cost | Cost Food preparation | |
Cost and availability | ||
Socio-economic status | ||
Affordability | ||
Finances | ||
Poor access to home country foods | ||
Easy access to Canadian foods and prestigious foods | ||
Food insecurity and reliance on food banks | ||
Accessibility and availability | ||
Enabling factors in food choices and meal consumption patterns | ||
Availability | ||
Predisposing factors influencing being a South Indian | ||
Quality/freshness | ||
Restaurants | ||
Americanised eating habits | ||
Easy access to junk food | ||
Availability of traditional foods | ||
Access to traditional foods | ||
Varied eating patterns according to the availability and resources | ||
Food preparation | ||
Time for cooking traditional foods | ||
Family and community well-being | Family and community influence | Family and community influence |
Extended family | ||
Children role | ||
Neighbourhood | ||
Living alone | ||
Living in households with a large group of people | ||
Nurturers; family, friends, and community | ||
Role of family | ||
Preservation of original food culture | ||
Attitudes and openness | ||
Preference for the traditional African Caribbean | ||
Taste and cravings | ||
Canadian versus Indian foods | ||
Traditional African cuisine is healthy and American foods as non- healthy Perception of the host country/traditional | ||
Differences between host foods and original food | ||
Perception of host country’s food | Lack of portion control | |
Born and lived a long time in India before migration | ||
Cultural foods and traditions | ||
Born and lived in the United States | ||
Predisposing factors in food choices and meal consumption patterns | Dietary acculturation | Dietary acculturation |
Changes in staple foods | ||
Migration and lifestyle changes | ||
Predisposing factors for adjusting to a Life in State College | ||
Sweets and deep-fried snacks | ||
Dietary practices following migration | ||
Reinforcing factor to adjusting to life in a State College | ||
Migration context | ||
Changes in meal pattern | ||
Dietary acculturation | ||
Loss of family commensality and identity, and purpose | ||
Change of preference over time | ||
Contrast between elders’ reliance on traditional Indian foods and young people’s desire for ‘western’ food | Dietary variations | |
Generational conflict | Generational variations and Dietary behaviours | |
Bread spread | ||
Attitudes of family members | ||
Children’s preferences | ||
Acculturation: differences between generations in food preferences | ||
Second generation | ||
Dietary Fragmentation | ||
Nutritional quality | Health and healthy eating | Health and healthy eating |
Healthy eating discourses | ||
Physical well-being | ||
Physical health | ||
Health | ||
Complementary foods (fish) | ||
Egg | ||
Aspects | ||
Intersection of “native” beliefs and American society and structures | ||
Reconciling conflicting interpretations about health risk | ||
Perception of healthy eating | ||
Healthy eating-meanings | ||
Healthy eating-motivations | ||
Family eating-habits | ||
Health and nutrition | ||
Food beliefs and perceived health consequences parents’ views | ||
Vegetables and legumes | ||
Complementary foods (Meat) | ||
Type of fats chosen | ||
Distrust in health professionals, nutrition and health promotion messages | Nutrition knowledge | Perception of nutritional information |
Mistrust of providers | ||
Dominant biomedical dietary health meanings | ||
Recommendation of culturally inappropriate dietary advice | Culturally sensitive nutritional information | |
Perception | ||
Culturally relevant and specific to African Americans | ||
Nutrition information | ||
People could eat healthfully if they knew what to buy | ||
Cooking skills | ||
Possible intervention | ||
Factors affecting dietary choices | ||
Exposure to host culture through the media and books | ||
Family counselling | ||
Community education | ||
Food purchasing |