Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the participants, n = 36

Mean

SD

Age, years

32.7

4.5

Pre-pregnancy weight, kg

74.3

13.0

Height, cm

166.4

5.3

BMI^a, kg/m²

26.7

4.2

GW at randomization, weeks

26.6

1.5

OGTT result^b, mmol/L^c

 Fasting

5.3

0.4

 1 h

8.4

2.2

 2 h

7.2

1.7

Fasting glucose^b, mmol/l

5.2

0.4

Fasting insulin, mU/L

10.9

4.9

HOMA IR

2.6

1.3

HOMA β

135.6

61.5

Blood lipids

 Total cholesterol

6.0

1.0

 LDL cholesterol

3.5

0.9

 HDL cholesterol

1.93

0.42

 Triglycerides

1.91

0.58

N

%

Early vs. late diagnosis, n (%)^c

 Early (< 24 GW)

20

57.1

Parity, n (%)^c

 0

20

57.1

 1

13

37.1

 2

2

5.7

Income, household

 < 50 000€/year

9

25

 > 50 000/year

27

75

Educational level

 Vocational, high school and polytechnic degree

13

36.1

 University degree

23

63.9

Work status

 Working (full/part time, freelance)

29

80.6

 Not working (sick/maternity leave, Unemployed, stay home mom)

6

16.7

 Student

1

2.8

Family status

 Single

2

5.6

 Partner, no children

19

52.8

 Partner and child(ren)

14

38.9

 Single with child(ren)

1

2.8

Smoking

 No

29

80.6

 Yes, occasionally^d

5

13.9

 Yes, before pregnancy but not during

2

5.6

Family history of diabetes

 Parent(s) with diabetes, any type

10

27.8

 One or more grandparents with diabetes, any type

17

47.2