Table 4 Blood sample results and changes (Δ) in blood levels from before to after intervention diet periods and p-value for the difference between the change after each diet

Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L

5.2 (0.4)

5.1 (0.3)

-0.1 (-0.2 to 0.0)

5.1 (0.4)

5.1 (0.3)

0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1)

0.184

Fasting serum insulin, mU/L^a

11.5 (5.5)

10.1 (4.4)

-1.3 (-2.4 to -0.3)

10.8 (5.1)

10.8 (5.0)

-0.0 (-0.8 to 0.8)

0.034

HOMA-IR^a

2.67 (1.43)

2.3 (1.05)

-0.37 (-0.68 to -0.06)

2.49 (1.29)

2.46 (1.17)

0.03 (-0.24 to 0.18)

0.030

HOMA β^a

142 (65.2)

132 (58.5)

-9.97 (-21.54 to 1.95)

138 (62.9)

140 (75)

2.21 (-14.28 to 18.70)

0.334

Total cholesterol, mmol/L^a

5.9 (1.0)

5.7 (1.0)

-0.2 (-0.4 to -0.1)

5.8 (0.9)

5.8 (1.0)

-0.0 (-0.2 to 0.1)

0.023

LDL cholesterol, mmol/L^a

3.5 (0.9)

3.3 (0.9)

-0.2 (-0.3 to -0.1)

3.4 (0.9)

3.4 (0.9)

-0.0 (-0.2 to 0.1)

0.008

HDL cholesterol, mmol/L^a

1.90 (0.44)

1.81 (0.42)

-0.09 (-0.13 to -0.06)

1.90 (0.44)

1.87 (0.44)

-0.03 (-0.08 to 0.01)

0.080

Triglyceride, mmol/L^a

1.95 (0.67)

1.89 (0.64)

-0.05 (-0.17 to 0.06)

1.89 (0.6)

1.87 (0.65)

-0.01 (-0.11 to 0.09)

0.590