Table 1 General characteristics of participants across tertiles of dietary insulin index and dietary insulin load¹

Subjects, n

1976

1977

1976

1976

1977

1976

Sex (male, %)

51.3

49.9

52.5

0.266

47.5

51.8

54.3

 < 0.001

Age (year, %)

0.010

 < 0.001

 20–29

25.8

23.0

22.5

20.9

25.4

25.0

 30–39

23.0

23.9

23.6

20.6

24.5

25.3

 40–49

23.4

23.5

21.3

24.1

22.1

21.9

 50–59

16.7

15.9

18.4

18.3

16.3

16.5

 60–69

11.1

13.7

14.2

16.1

11.7

11.3

Education (Diploma and Graduate Diploma, %)

35.4

31.0

33.0

0.007

31.7

33.8

34.0

 < 0.001

Job Status, %

0.223

0.001

 Unemployed

19.3

18.6

21.4

20.0

19.3

20.1

 Government employee

47.0

48.4

45.3

50.4

46.9

43.4

 Manual worker

4.0

3.4

3.2

3.6

3.3

3.7

 Self-employed

29.5

29.6

30.1

26.0

30.5

32.8

Married, %

83.0

84.7

85.8

0.017

84.9

83.6

84.8

 < 0.001

Smoking status (Current smoker, %)

10.5

10.2

10.9

0.045

10.5

10.6

10.5

0.795

BMI (kg/m²)

26.6 ± 0.1

26.6 ± 0.1

26.6 ± 0.1

0.936

26.8 ± 0.1

26.4 ± 0.1

26.6 ± 0.1

0.027

Physic activity (MET*min/wk)

948 ± 21

855 ± 19

916 ± 21

0.006

870 ± 20

894 ± 20

956 ± 21

0.010

Cell phone use (min/day)

30.4 ± 1.2

26.8 ± 1.2

25.6 ± 1.1

0.015

24.0 ± 1.1

29.5 ± 1.2

29.4 ± 1.2

0.001

Watching television & movie (h/day)

3.74 ± 0.05

3.77 ± 0.05

3.83 ± 0.05

0.528

3.78 ± 0.05

3.76 ± 0.05

3.80 ± 0.05

0.923

Anxiety (score)

2.63 ± 0.07

2.57 ± 0.07

2.75 ± 0.07

0.199

2.74 ± 0.07

2.70 ± 0.07

2.51 ± 0.07

0.083

Stress (score)

5.83 ± 0.10

5.44 ± 0.10

5.54 ± 0.10

0.019

5.55 ± 0.10

5.54 ± 0.10

5.72 ± 0.10

0.394