Table 5 Multivariable analysis of determinants of NTDs in Eastern Ethiopia, 2022(N = 177)

Current maternal age

15–24

33 (55.9)

2.47 (0.73–8.39)

11.19 (0.52, 2.74)

25–34

22 (37.3)

1 (0.29–3.42)

1.57 (0.34, 7.30)

≥ 35

4 (6.8)

Ref

Maternal age at 1st birth

15–24

49 (83.1)

3.02 (1.39–6.55)

4.25 (1.57, 11.49)^*

25–34

10 (16.9)

Ref

Ref

Maternal level of education

Illiterate

20 (33.9)

6.3 (1.6–24)

7.42 (0.50, 109.19)

Primary

22 (37.3)

3.9 (1–15)

8.37 (0.60, 116.40)

Secondary

14 (23.7)

2 (0.51–7.8)

3.23 (0.25, 41.33)

Tertiary

3 (5.1)

Ref

Ref

Sex of new born

Female

36 (61)

1.91(1.02–3.63

2.97 (1.27, 6.92)^*

Male

23 (39)

Ref

Maternal occupation

House wife

48 (81.4)

2.56 (0.68–9.54)

0.64 (0.048, 8.72)

Merchant

4 (6.8)

0.80 (0.15–4.2)

0.23 (0.01, 3.11)

Daily laborer

4 (6.8)

1.45 (0.26-8)

0.21 (0.01, 4.18)

Office worker

3 (5.1)

Ref

Ref

ANC visits

No visits

18 (30.5)

4.5 (1.67-12)

4.45 (1.30, 9.20)^*

1–2 visits

33 (55.9)

2.8 (1.19–6.7)

3.30 (1.14, 9.58)^*

3–4 visits

8 (13.6)

Ref

Ref

Medical problems

No

50 (84.7)

0.57 (0.22–1.26)

0.61 (0.17,2.17)

Yes

9 (15.3)

Ref

Ref

Coffee consumption

No regular daily consumption

14 (23.7)

Ref

Ref

1 to 2 cups

26 (44.1)

1.34 (0.63, 2.88 )

1.31 (0.51, 3.37 )

3 cups or more

19 (32.2)

3.17 (1.31, 7.66)

3.84 (1.23, 11.97)^*

Food consumption score

Poor

33 (55.9)

3.2 (1.19–8.6)

3.38 (2.06, 7.72)^*

Border line

20 (33.9)

2.2 (0.79–6.22)

2.91(0.87, 9.65)

Acceptable

6 (10.2)

Ref

Ref

Dietary diversity

Monotonous diet

38 (64.4)

4.65 (1.49–14.5)

4.20 (3.09, 9.08)*

Sometimes different

17 (28.8)

2.53 (0.76–8.3)

2.57 (0.55, 11.92)

Always different

4 (6.8)

Ref

Ref