Table 4 Dietary energy value and nutrient intake before and after the intervention

Energy (kcal)

1600.67 (802.03)

1335.61 (315.91)

-405.7 ± 448.60 (%18.5 ± 19.55)

0.028*

2080.37 (678.34)

1142.64 (300.25)

-954.2 ± 578.75

(%42.2 ± 12.49)

0.001*

0.011*

Protein (g)

55.76 (27.48)

55.19 (10.22)

-12.9 ± 14.59

0.037*

76.50 (37.44)

49.72 (19.51)

-25.0 ± 21.74

0.004*

0.535

Protein (%)

15.50 (1.50)

16.00 (2.25)

0.5 ± 1.84

0.383

14.00 (3.00)

17.00 (2.50)

2.9 ± 3.92

0.031*

0.034*

Plant protein (g)

20.24 (16.10)

20.86 (4.15)

-2.4 ± 12.77

0.508

30.18 (18.08)

16.51 (7.47)

-13.2 ± 12.68

0.002*

0.055

Animal protein (g)

41.78 (10.73)

33.70 (9.34)

-10.5 ± 7.16

0.007*

40.08 (18.30)

33.32 (7.84)

-11.7 ± 13.27

0.006*

0.804

Fat (g)

88.39 (35.74)

57.74 (15.80)

-23.4 ± 23.97

0.009*

89.61 (32.36)

46.03 (13.91)

-51.8 ± 31.88

0.001*

0.005*

Fat (%)

38.50 (10.25)

38.50 (4.13)

-2.5 ± 3.74

0.092

40.00 (7.00)

35.00 (10.25)

-5.0 ± 6.00

0.019*

0.263

Carbohydrate (g)

172.483 (97.22)

160.83 (64.95)

-35.3 ± 50.54

0.093

246.98 (89.11)

126.22 (26.49)

-97.1 ± 65.58

0.001*

0.215

Carbohydrate (%)

45.50 (8.50)

45.25 (6.38)

2.2 ± 3.48

0.083

44.00 (7.00)

47.00 (10.25)

2.0 ± 7.37

0.556

0.709

Saturated fat (%)

14.04 (2.88)

12.41 (1.71)

-1.0 ± 2.46

0.203

14.40 (3.05)

11.94 (2.92)

-2.1 ± 3.58

0.046*

0.457

Monounsaturated fatty acid (%)

12.34 (5.70)

12.70 (2.94)

-0.1 ± 2.62

0.959

12.67 (3.44)

13.53 (4.64)

0.01 ± 2.47

0.972

0.901

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (%)

9.80 (4.04)

9.47 (2.75)

-1.1 ± 1.92

0.114

10.58 (5.14)

8.17 (2.54)

-2.5 ± 3.34

0.028*

0.215

Cholesterol (mg)

221.25 (114.88)

191.13 (36.12)

-53.5 ± 112.99

0.285

222.46 (173.47)

183.26 (68.16)

-87.5 ± 134.02

0.028*

0.352

Omega-3 (g)

1.57 (1.49)

1.19 (0.87)

-0.7 ± 1.59

0.169

1.21 (1.97)

0.74 (0.36)

-1.2 ± 1.80

0.016*

0.018*

Omega-6 (g)

18.48 (11.96)

13.46 (4.20)

-5.8 ± 6.80

0.013*

20.90 (9.95)

9.71 (3.06)

-11.7 ± 7.19

0.001*

0.005*

Fiber (g)

16.78 (10.95)

14.80 (3.24)

-3.3 ± 5.83

0.114

20.87 (10.78)

15.34 (5.67)

-4.2 ± 6.58

0.039*

0.620

Vitamin A (mcg)

564.52 (221.00)

663.37 (580.11)

325.5 ± 755.88

0.333

735.25 (728.51)

750.27 (494.07)

48.5 ± 644.28

0.972

0.577

Vitamin E (mg)

23.18 (12.82)

14.87 (5.30)

-7.0 ± 5.82

0.013*

22.64 (5.36)

11.97 (3.85)

-10.1 ± 3.93

0.001*

0.035*

Vitamin B₁ (mg)

0.75 (0.49)

0.65 (0.18)

-0.1 ± 0.31

0.173

0.95 (0.46)

0.65 (0.29)

-0.2 ± 0.33

0.010*

0.926

Vitamin B₂ (mg)

1.09 (0.21)

0.89 (0.18)

-0.1 ± 0.22

0.047*

1.23 (0.57)

1.14 (0.43)

-0.2 ± 0.43

0.328

0.172

Vitamin B₃ (mg)

13.21 (9.29)

11.26 (3.47)

-3.1 ± 5.28

0.093

16.61 (8.99)

10.01 (3.74)

-5.5 ± 5.91

0.016*

0.321

Vitamin B₆ (mg)

1.27 (0.63)

0.97 (0.26)

-0.4 ± 0.43

0.013*

1.47 (0.75)

1.00 (0.38)

-0.3 ± 0.43

0.023*

0.457

Vitamin B₁₂ (mcg)

4.61 (1.64)

3.73 (2.31)

-0.03 ± 3.14

0.445

5.38 (2.21)

3.49 (1.57)

-1.2 ± 2.38

0.101

0.951

Folate (mg)

228.78 (39.38)

201.27 (31.85)

-26.9 ± 34.20

0.037*

232.80 (186.21)

208.33 (73.49)

-37.5 ± 104.06

0.221

0.352

Vitamin C (mg)

69.72 (97.95)

53.24 (17.46)

-40.8 ± 49.68

0.037*

57.96 (75.18)

76.37 (39.19)

1.7 ± 50.38

0.807

0.047*

Calcium (mg)

599.53 (273.46)

529.10 (90.33)

-85.2 ± 171.87

0.114

740.16 (462.02)

591.59 (318.76)

-125.4 ± 224.52

0.064

0.352

Sodium (mg)

1691.38 (1277.78)

1410.86 (1062.34)

-168.7 ± 441.90

0.241

1901.42 (1490.58)

1262.56 (615.57)

-679.4 ± 544.81

0.002*

0.385

Potassium (mg)

2109.42 (1143.25)

1612.23 (357.89)

-663.9 ± 596.31

0.013*

2326.14 (1733.65)

1835.24 (648.25)

-526.5 ± 700.02

0.023*

0.047*

Magnesium (mg)

215.75 (114.67)

198.19 (50.36)

-49.9 ± 74.62

0.074

285.05 (218.69)

187.69 (88.16)

-87.2 ± 89.09

0.007*

0.710

Phosphorus (mg)

956.06 (370.23)

850.60 (103.51)

-183.5 ± 232.59

0.047*

1202.46 (653.61)

854.51 (350.66)

-312.2 ± 356.88

0.009*

0.951

Iron (mg)

8.87 (4.75)

7.50 (2.37)

-1.7 ± 2.82

0.093

12.15 (7.78)

7.24 (2.86)

-4.8 ± 3.74

0.004*

0.620

Zinc (mg)

9.06 (4.01)

7.54 (1.02)

-2.0 ± 2.29

0.017*

11.79 (3.42)

7.13 (1.52)

-3.6 ± 3.05

0.002*

0.710

Caffeine (mg)

50.00 (27.25)

50.00 (25.00)

-1.9 ± 9.27

0.546

40.00 (19.00)

36.00 (41.50)

-1.5 ± 15.10

0.572

0.181