Table 1 The characteristics at baseline across quartiles of GI and GL score

Score GI—score GL

52.64 ± 3.66

58.81 ± 1.34

62.31 ± 0.94

65.01 ± 1.05

59.70 ± 5.08

 < 0.001

210.79 ± 37.10

308.11 ± 18.88

368.86 ± 24.94

477.97 ± 38.92

477.97 ± 101.76

 < 0.001

Age (years)

59.51 ± 10.63

57.44 ± 12.03

59.40 ± 11.19

58.93 ± 11.45

58.75 ± 11.31

0.69

58.85 ± 12.28

60.48 ± 11.24

57.12 ± 10.43

58.50 ± 11.16

58.75 ± 11.31

0.31

Sex (N) (%)

0.07

0.60

 Male

37(47)

44(56)

51(64)

37(46)

169(54)

44(56)

41(51)

38(49)

46(58)

169(54)

 Female

42(53)

34(44)

28(36)

42(54)

146(46)

34(44)

39(49)

40(51)

33(42)

146(46)

Hight (m)

1.66 ± 0.09

1.69 ± 0.10

1.66 ± 0.10

1.67 ± 0.12

1.67 ± 0.10

0.18

1.68 ± 0.11

1.65 ± 0.10

1.65 ± 0.10

1.69 ± 0.10

1.67 ± 0.10

0.13

Weight (kg)

73.65 ± 10.67

77.30 ± 12.90

73.75 ± 13.3

75.55 ± 16.26

75.06 ± 13.46

0.27

72.83 ± 12.05

72.35 ± 14.49

77.64 ± 14.06

77.46 ± 12.38

75.06 ± 13.46

0.01

BMI (kg/m2)

26.89 ± 4.44

27.08 ± 4.88

27.00 ± 6.14

27.10 ± 5.86

27.02 ± 5.35

0.99

26.04 ± 51.00

26.33 ± 5.25

28.50 ± 6.09

27.21 ± 4.64

27.02 ± 5.35

0.01

BMI categories (N) (%)

0.41

0.12

  < 30

61(77)

56(72)

59(75)

52(66)

228(72)

62(79)

58(73)

49(63)

59(75)

228(72)

  ≥ 30

18(23)

22(28)

20(25)

27(34)

87(28)

16(21)

22(28)

29(37)

20(25)

87(28)

WC (cm)

88.72 ± 13.47

93.41 ± 14.84

91.32 ± 16.56

93.10 ± 16.61

91.63 ± 15.46

0.20

88.29 ± 15.38

89.87 ± 15.31

94.46 ± 16.10

93.92 ± 14.43

91.63 ± 15.46

0.02

WC categories for female (N) (%)

0.78

0.96

  < 102

33(73)

30(73)

25(64)

31(70)

119(70)

25(68)

31(72)

36(69)

27(69)

119(70)

  ≥ 102

12(27)

11(27)

14(36)

13(30)

50(30)

12()32

12(28)

14(31)

12(31)

50(30)

WC categories for male (N) (%)

0.28

0.05

  < 88

19(45)

11(32)

13(46)

12(29)

55(38)

19(56)

15(38)

13(33)

8(24)

55(38)

  ≥ 88

23(55)

23(68)

15(54)

30(71)

91(91)

15(44)

24(62)

27(67)

25(76)

91(62)

Marital status (N) (%)

0.60

0.36

 Single

30(38)

33(42)

36(46)

38(48)

137(43)

29(37)

32(40)

38(49)

38(48)

137(43)

 Married

49(62)

45(58)

43(54)

41(52)

178(57)

49(63)

48(60)

40(51)

41(52)

178(57)

Educat ion (N) (%)

0.58

0.48

 Illiterate

9(11)

1(1)

9(11)

9(11)

28(10)

8(10)

7(9)

7(9)

6(8)

28(9)

 Elementary

25(32)

23(29)

24(31)

24(30)

96(30)

25(32)

20(25)

28(36)

23(29)

96(30)

 Diploma

20(25)

21(27)

15(19)

21(27)

77(24)

17(22)

23(29)

22(28)

15(19)

77(24)

 Bachelor

10(13)

20(26)

16(20)

12(15)

58(18)

18(23)

13(16)

11(14)

16(20)

58(18)

 Master of science

13(16)

11(14)

13(16)

10(13)

47(15)

9(12)

16(20)

8(10)

14(18)

47(15)

 Ph. D

2(3)

2(3)

2(3)

3(4)

9(3)

1(1)

1(1)

2(3)

5(6)

9(3)

Race

0.92

0.6

 Fars

16(20)

18(23)

22(28)

19(24)

75(24)

19(25)

22(28)

18(23)

16(21)

75(24)

 Lore

36(46)

35(45)

35(44)

38(48)

144(46)

30(38)

39(49)

36(46)

39(49)

144(46)

 Arab

27(34)

25(28)

22(28)

22(28)

96(30)

29(37)

19(23)

24(31)

24(30)

96(30)

P.A (met-min/week)

1262.73 ± 110.19

1248.26 ± 108.82

1252.67 ± 114.53

1225.89 ± 89.63

1247.39 ± 106.57

0.16

1252.42 ± 98.59

1242.30 ± 113.40

1237.69 ± 103.22

1257.15 ± 111.08

1247.39 ± 106.57

0.64

FBS (mg/dL)

99.94 ± 15.98

102.57 ± 17.21

106.87 ± 15.73

104.41 ± 14.15

103.45 ± 15.93

0.04

99.47 ± 17.36

100.92 ± 16.37

102.80 ± 15.71

110.59 ± 11.58

103.45 ± 15.93

 < 0.001

TG (mg/dL)

135.84 ± 51.11

143.05 ± 66.72

144.62 ± 63.08

155.77 ± 78.03

144.82 ± 65.52

0.29

138.07 ± 71.58

141.33 ± 60.37

137.91 ± 58.40

161.86 ± 69.03

144.82 ± 65.52

0.06

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

188.30 ± 54.71

217.52 ± 76.96

226.92 ± 61.93

221.54 ± 59.77

213.56 ± 65.28

0.001

190.12 ± 52.75

201.26 ± 65.16

211.43 ± 70.21

251.25 ± 55.64

213.56 ± 65.28

 < 0.001

LDL-c (mg/dL)

108.25 ± 39.37

127.60 ± 55.18

131.69 ± 58.52

120.88 ± 58.82

122.09 ± 54.05

0.03

99.73 ± 43.42

107.87 ± 52.88

129.20 ± 57.17

151.53 ± 46.94

122.09 ± 54.05

 < 0.001

HDL-c (mg/dL)

48.32 ± 5.91

49.78 ± 7.20

39.87 ± 7.37

40.27 ± 7.62

44.54 ± 8.35

 < 0.001

42.33 ± 7.50

45.57 ± 9.30

45.41 ± 8.17

44.84 ± 8.07

44.54 ± 8.35

0.05

BUN (mg/dL)

17.20 ± 7.92

16.85 ± 4.70

18.03 ± 4.42

17.07 ± 4.28

17.29 ± 4.59

0.39

15.98 ± 4.63

17.43 ± 4.28

17.92 ± 4.60

17.82 ± 4.66

17.29 ± 4.59

0.03

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.02 ± 0.24

0.97 ± 0.20

1.08 ± 0.21

1.06 ± 0.21

1.03 ± 0.22

0.005

0.97 ± 0.19

0.99 ± 0.20

1.07 ± 0.23

1.10 ± 0.22

1.03 ± 0.22

0.00

Na (mEq/L)

137.41 ± 3.18

137.41 ± 3.50

136.67 ± 3.60

137.77 ± 3.23

137.31 ± 3.39

0.22

137.37 ± 2.87

137.38 ± 3.32

137.30 ± 3.32

137.20 ± 4.00

137.31 ± 3.39

0.98

K (mEq/L)

4.05 ± 0.46

4.03 ± 0.53

4.11 ± 0.62

4.07 ± 0.47

4.07 ± 0.52

0.81

4.04 ± 0.46

4.07 ± 0.51

4.06 ± 0.62

4.11 ± 0.49

4.07 ± 0.52

0.88

AST (IU/L)

23.93 ± 9.75

27.93 ± 11.74

36.48 ± 13.65

38.18 ± 12.93

31.64 ± 13.40

 < 0.001

27.64 ± 10.58

28.70 ± 11.16

33.23 ± 13.77

37.02 ± 15.65

31.64 ± 13.43

 < 0.001

ALT (IU/L)

25.30 ± 11.10

24.51 ± 12.13

32.63 ± 14.14

33.27 ± 12.24

28.94 ± 13.04

 < 0.001

26.07 ± 9.25

25.11 ± 9.12

31.11 ± 15.58

33.51 ± 15.05

28.94 ± 13.04

 < 0.001

AIP

0.42 ± 0.17

0.42 ± 0.19

0.52 ± 0.19

0.54 ± 0.22

0.47 ± 0.20

 < 0.001

0.47 ± 0.21

0.46 ± 0.20

0.45 ± 0.20

0.52 ± 0.20

0.47 ± 0.20

0.08