Table 2 Baseline and 8-week serum and stool biomarkers among non-yogurt diet-control (C) and yogurt intervention (Y) group

TRAP5b (U/L)

3.1 ± 1.2

3.9 ± 1.6

3.4 ± 1.8

3.6 ± 1.4

0.11

P1NP (ng/mL)

203 ± 93.9

180 ± 75.7

196 ± 109

202 ± 71.4

0.06

OC (ng/mL)

52.2 ± 18.9

43.8 ± 26.3

55.4 ± 31.5

48.7 ± 26.0

0.78

Stool Short-Chain Fatty Acids (µmol/g)

    Acetate

283 ± 54.3

258 ± 77.1

367 ± 114

284 ± 125

0.23

    Propionate

46.0 ± 7.8

40.8 ± 8.7

59.9 ± 20.8

43.1 ± 16.5

0.18

    Butyrate

20.7 ± 14.4

13.1 ± 10.5

22.5 ± 11.8

13.0 ± 6.4

0.37

    Isobutyrate

3.1 ± 1.6

2.2 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.7

2.4 ± 0.9

1.00

    Valerate

4.2 ± 1.2

3.8 ± 1.9

4.4 ± 2.3

3.7 ± 0.9

0.57

    Isovalerate

2.7 ± 1.6

2.3 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.6

2.4 ± 1.2

0.97

    2-Methylbutyrate

1.8 ± 1.4

1.2 ± 0.9

1.3 ± 0.9

1.2 ± 0.7

0.78

    3-Methylvalerate

0.4 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.1

0.26

    4-Methylvalerate

0.2 ± 0.1

0.2 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

0.3 ± 0.1

0.61

    Hexanoate

14.8 ± 2.7

14.7 ± 2.5

19.1 ± 6.0

14.9 ± 4.8

0.13

CRP (mg/L)

4.9 ± 2.5

4.7 ± 4.8

4.7 ± 3.3

4.2 ± 3.2

0.73

Inflammatory Cytokine Score

8.1 ± 2.4

8.2 ± 2.3

8.3 ± 3.1

8.9 ± 2.1

0.67

FABP2 (ng/mL)

3.8 ± 2.9

2.8 ± 1.8

3.5 ± 2.8

3.4 ± 2.0

0.15

LBP (µg/mL)

10.9 ± 3.4

9.5 ± 2.8

10.7 ± 5.5

10.9 ± 3.8

0.34