Fig. 1

Percentage weight change within 3 months between the malnourished and non-malnourished groups. The percentage weight change between the two groups is presented as simple box plots. The “No Malnutrition” boxplot shows weight changes clustered tightly around the median of 2.1818, with an IQR of 1.25–3.03 and whiskers of 1.2–4.386. In contrast, the “Malnutrition” boxplot has a lower IQR of 8.17–16.81 and whiskers of 2.3327.43, indicating more variability. Outliers were observed at 36.42 and 47.83. The long upper tail shows that some participants with malnutrition experienced significant weight loss. IQR, interquartile range