Table 1 Baseline characteristics (n = 75)

Age in years

mean ± SD

74.48 ± 9.54

-

72.10–76.87

77.27 ± 13.81

-

67.99–86.55

Males

39

60.94

47.93–72.90

7

63.64

30.79–89.07

Females

25

39.06

27.10–52.07

4

36.36

10.93–69.21

CKD

4

6.25

1.73–15.24

3

27.27

6.02–60.97

Dementia

23

35.94

24.32–48.90

6

54.55

23.38–83.25

DM

34

53.13

40.23–65.72

5

45.45

16.75–76.62

BMI < 23

22

34.38

22.95–47.30

5

45.45

16.75–76.62

BMI 23–25

26

40.63

28.51–53.63

5

45.45

16.75–76.62

BMI 25–29

4

6.25

1.73–15.24

0

0

0

BMI ≥ 30

12

18.75

10.06–30.46

1

9.09

0.23–41.28

GNRI– No risk

8

12.5

5.55–23.15

0

0

0

GNRI– Low

13

20.31

11.28–32.23

6

54.55

23.38–83.25

GNRI– Mod risk

19

29.69

18.91–42.42

1

9.09

0.23–41.28

GNRI– Severe risk

24

37.50

25.70–50.49

4

36.36

10.93–69.21

Percentage of weight change over 3 months (%)

mean ± SD

14.01 ± 7.89

-

12.04–15.98

2.48 ± 1.01

-

1.79–3.16

Bilirubin

(umol/L)

mean ± SD

8.36 ± 4.68

-

7.19–9.5

14.28 ± 18.74

1.68–26.87

HbA1c (%)

mean ± SD

7.76 ± 2.06

-

7.25–8.28

6.58 ± 1.58

-

5.51–7.64

Calcium (mmol/l)

mean ± SD

2.39 ± 0.19

-

2.35–2.44

2.51 ± 0.10

-

2.44–2.57

CRP (mg/l)

mean ± SD

66.08 ± 68.23

-

49.04–83.13

32.92 ± 26.56

-

15.07–50.77

Pressure injury

14

21.88

12.51–33.97

11

14.67

7.56–24.73

Stage 1 pressure injury

0

0

0

0

0

0

Stage 2 pressure injury

4

28.57

8.39–58.10

1

50

1.26–98.74

Stage 3 pressure injury

3

21.43

4.66–50.80

1

50

1.26–98.74

Stage 4 pressure injury

7

50

23.04–76.96

0

0

0

UTI

23

35.94

24.32–48.90

2

18.18

2.28–51.78

Pneumonia

24

37.50

25.70–50.49

6

54.55

25.70–50.49

Hip fracture

15

23.4

13.75–35.69

7

63.64

30.79–89.07

Length of stay

(Days)

mean ± SD

203 ± 255

-

139–267

530 ± 472

-

212–848

Mortality

12

18.75

10.08–30.46

2

18.18

2.28–51.78