Table 1 Participant characteristics

Age

Mean ± SD, years

42.1 ± 10.8

43.1 ± 10.5

40.7 ± 11.2

0.026

Body mass index

Mean ± SD, kg/m²

22.9 ± 3.6

23.8 ± 3.6

21.5 ± 3.1

<0.001

Overtime hours

Mean (25^th–75^th percentile), hours/month

5.0 (0.0–20.0)

5.0 (0.0–20.0)

5.0 (0.0–15.0)

0.764

Sleep duration

Mean ± SD, hours/day

6.5 ± 1.1

6.6 ± 1.0

6.4 ± 1.1

0.055

CES-D score

Mean ± SD

13.0 ± 8.3

12.1 ± 7.5

14.3 ± 9.1

0.010

Energy intake

Mean ± SD, kcal

1,848 ± 557

1,961 ± 573

1,681 ± 487

<0.001

Protein intake

Mean ± SD, %E

15.1 ± 2.6

14.6 ± 2.6

15.7 ± 2.5

<0.001

Fat intake

Mean ± SD, %E

26.1 ± 5.6

25.1 ± 5.8

27.6 ± 4.9

<0.001

Carbohydrate intake

Mean ± SD, %E

58.8 ± 7.5

60.2 ± 7.8

56.7 ± 6.6

<0.001

Alcohol intake

Median (25^th–75^th percentile), g

2.5 (0.0–17.6)

7.3 (0.8–29.4)

0.2 (0.0–3.5)

<0.001

Depression

Present

n (%)

120

(28.4)

61

(24.3)

59

(34.3)

0.028

Absent

n (%)

303

(71.6)

190

(75.7)

113

(65.7)

Marital status

Married

n (%)

295

(69.7)

179

(71.3)

116

(67.4)

0.451

Unmarried

n (%)

128

(30.3)

72

(28.7)

56

(32.6)

Employment position

Manager

n (%)

39

(9.5)

36

(14.8)

3

(1.8)

<0.001

General staff

n (%)

373

(90.5)

207

(85.2)

166

(98.2)

Regular exercise

Present

n (%)

185

(44.7)

130

(52.6)

55

(32.9)

<0.001

Absent

n (%)

229

(55.3)

117

(47.4)

112

(67.1)

Smoking status

Non-smoker

n (%)

290

(69.0)

125

(50.4)

165

(95.9)

<0.001

Previous smoker

n (%)

74

(17.6)

71

(28.6)

3

(1.7)

Current smoker

n (%)

56

(13.2)

52

(21.0)

4

(2.3)