Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
First author | Year | Country | Participants | No.of cases | Age | During design | Mediterranean diet intervention | Control intervention | Available outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brehm [30] | 2009 | United states | Overweight/obese adults with well-controlled T2D | 124 (95 completers) | 38-75 | 1 year | High intake of olive, nuts, seeds, legumes;45% carbohydrate, 15% protein and 40% fat(with 20% MUFA, emphasizing olive and canola oils) | High-carbohydrate diet:60% carbohydrate,15% protein and 25% fat | HbA1c,fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, body weight, TC, LDL, HDL and blood pressure |
Toobert [31] | 2003 | United states | Post-menopausal women with T2D | 279 (245 completers) | <75 | 6 month | The diet recommended increased amounts of bread, root vegetables, green vegetables, legumes, and fish; less red meat (e.g, beef, lamb, and pork), substituting poultry; no day without fruit; and avoidance of butter and cream, substituting olive oil/canolaoil or commercially available olive oil/can | Usual care(no information provided) | HbA1c,triglyceride s,TC, HDL, LDL, BMI, SBP, DBP |
Elhayany [17] | 2010 | Israel | Overweight adults with T2D | 259 (179 completers) | 30-65 | 1 year | A low-carbohydrate mediterranean diet (50-55% LGI carbohydrate, 45% fat-high in MUFA and 20% protein) A traditional mediterranean diet (50-55% LGI carbohydrate, 30% fat-high in MUFA and 15-20% protein) | American Diabetes Association diet: 50-55% carbohydrate of a mixed glycemic index,30% fat and 15-20% protein. | Weight, BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, trig lycerides, TC, HDL, LDL,, fasting insulin,HOMA-IR |
Maiorino [32] | 2016 | Italy | Adults with newly Diagnosed T2D | 215 (201 completers) | Mean 52 | 8.1years | Rich in whole grains and vegetables,low in red meat, >30% calories from fat,30 to 50g of olive oil, <50% calories from carbohydrate | Low-fat diet:<30% calories from fat(<10% calories from saturated fat),with restricted additional fats,sweets and high-fat snacks | Weight,WC,HbA1c, plasma glucose,triglycerides, TC , HDL , LDL, SBP,DBP |
Maryam [19] | 2020 | Iran | Adults with T2D | 228 | 40-60 | 6 month | Received 8 education sections and underwent classic MD in 25-person groups in two times by nutritionist. | Usual care(no information provided) | Fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,trig lycerides, TC , HDL, LDL, SBP, DBP, BMI |
Alonso-Dominguez [33] | 2019 | Spain | Adults with T2D | 204 (185 completers) | 25-70 Mean 60.6 | 1 year | Received brief advice about healthy eating and physical activity, and took part in a food workshop, five walks and received a smartphone application for three months | Usual care(no information provided) | Glycated haemoglobin,Postp randial glucose,Atherogeni c index, TC, HDL, LDL, Waist circumference, SBP, DBP |
Toobert [34] | 2011 | United States | Latinas with T2D | 280 | Mean 57 | 2 year | Emphasis on vegetables, legumes,cereals, cereals, fruits, nuts, olive oil and limited fat | Usual care (no information provided) | HbA1c, BMI |