Table 2 Characteristics of study participants by quartiles of pattern scores¹

Participants² (n)

45

46

46

45

45

46

46

45

45

46

46

45

Age² (year)

32.13 ± 16.66

31.26 ± 15.19

40.15 ± 12.47

44.51 ± 12.47

< 0.001

36.29 ± 16.24

41.35 ± 13.97

33.37 ± 16.09

36.98 ± 15.37

0.10

41.87 ± 13.76

36.65 ± 16.32

34.61 ± 14.11

34.93 ± 17.27

0.097

BMI² (kg/m²⁾

25.29 ± 7.48

24.02 ± 5.71

27.47 ± 5.25

28.87 ± 4.79

0.001

25.94 ± 6.42

26.20 ± 5.67

25.56 ± 5.87

27.94 ± 6.51

0.26

27.91 ± 5.19

25.45 ± 6.16

27.12 ± 5.61

25.15 ± 7.19

0.95

Male², %

44

35

41

44

0.76

47

30

41

47

0.35

31

46

46

42

0.45

Married², %

78

67

67

82

0.25

84

65

72

73

0.20

76

70

80

69

0.49

Total energy (kcal/day)

3318.82 ± 1335.58

2435.71 ± 923.49

2699.53 ± 1062.57

3173.17 ± 1318.19

0.001

3605.16 ± 1226.17

2606.22 ± 594.58

2546.92 ± 945.92

2868.53 ± 1600.35

< 0.001

3067.80 ± 1584.64

2494.65 ± 1315.62

2917.11 ± 840.42

3141.52 ± 898.46

0.05

Protein (g/day)

99.46 ± 45.34

76.59 ± 35.33

91.30 ± 40.84

121.99 ± 48.53

< 0.001

113.26 ± 45.37

87.16 ± 31.56

88.47 ± 40.66

100.30 ± 57.27

0.019

104.66 ± 53.63

83.69 ± 49.27

97.76 ± 31.74

102.94 ± 42.86

0.111

Carbohydrate (g/day)

495.76 ± 221.40

368.61 ± 151.51

407.39 ± 170.93

460.19 ± 218.60

0.10

539.84 ± 210.03

395.23 ± 85.36

388.97 ± 163.86

407.73 ± 255.15

< 0.001

471.09 ± 257.49

367.41 ± 209.52

418.19 ± 132.83

475.05 ± 150.68

0.027

Total fat (g/day)

110.69 ± 48.55

77.79 ± 28.88

85.40 ± 33.53

101.61 ± 36.11

< 0.001

119.03 ± 36.56

82.35 ± 27.32

76.47 ± 24.95

97.74 ± 50.05

< 0.001

92.26 ± 52.88

81.27 ± 35.52

101.13 ± 33.78

97.39 ± 29.24

0.067

Dietary fiber (g/day)

33.74 ± 15.93

24.81 ± 14.08

26.75 ± 14.39

43.59 ± 25.99

0.001

41.11 ± 18.13

20.08 ± 6.47

27.07 ± 13.83

34.62 ± 21.39

< 0.001

34.62 ± 24.30

24.10 ± 17.69

29.19 ± 10.72

35.62 ± 16.64

0.031

SFA (g/day)

33.95 ± 14.73

22.63 ± 7.78

24.46 ± 10.39

30.54 ± 20.17

0.001

37.22 ± 13.52

20.67 ± 5.48

23.28 ± 9.01

30.62 ± 17.25

< 0.001

27.44 ± 18.91

23.02 ± 14.11

28.96 ± 12.44

31.38 ± 10.09

0.076

MUFA (g/day)

30.34 ± 14.81

20.03 ± 8.55

22.68 ± 14.09

27.62 ± 18.03

0.007

32.48 ± 18.06

18.99 ± 5.61

21.03 ± 9.07

27.94 ± 16.19

0.001

27.78 ± 21.32

21.06 ± 12.41

26.76 ± 12.18

25.77 ± 11.59

0.268

PUFA (g/day)

15.95 ± 21.36

4.24 ± 9.22

10.18 ± 15.76

21.41 ± 18.76

0.002

14.24 ± 21.52

2.07 ± 5.00

8.88 ± 12.14

19.95 ± 20.89

< 0.001

16.78 ± 20.99

5.59 ± 12.36

13.39 ± 17.30

13.29 ± 18.92

0.097

TFA (g/day)

156.41 ± 191.07

167.63 ± 101.44

139.02 ± 132.12

61.84 ± 88.99

0.077

225.11 ± 224.85

117.03 ± 82.98

133.59 ± 111.09

66.79 ± 88.38

< 0.001

66.54 ± 77.03

138.10 ± 79.13

140.89 ± 127.89

188.76 ± 202.08

0.018

Cholesterol (mg/day)

242.43 ± 155.81

177.47 ± 74.27

272.48 ± 152.38

326.49 ± 237.53

0.005

276.00 ± 128.17

211.83 ± 116.76

198.33 ± 127.49

278.25 ± 208.57

0.079

184.57 ± 136.95

170.89 ± 165.71

217.84 ± 83.95

348.99 ± 147.42

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg/day)

104.27 ± 144.03

44.86 ± 110.37

88.53 ± 117.16

228.89 ± 180.95

< 0.001

113.32 ± 180.93

36.35 ±

99.06

74.13 ± 102.19

160.80 ± 157.41

0.004

125.00 ± 147.10

52.56 ± 117.21

104.33 ± 131.35

123.47 ± 168.30

0.157

Vitamin B1 (mg/day)

2.89 ± 1.69

1.86 ± 1.15

2.13 ± 1.07

3.71 ± 2.17

< 0.001

3.19 ± 1.83

1.63 ± 0.59

2.23 ± 1.32

2.95 ± 1.88

0.001

2.60 ± 2.00

1.89 ± 1.46

2.35 ± 1.09

3.14 ± 1.65

0.009

Vitamin B2 (mg/day)

20.55 ± 20.09

25.93 ± 16.63

23.07 ± 21.51

5.67 ± 5.00

0.002

27.90 ± 23.33

32.02 ± 18.48

17.66 ± 13.76

10.15 ± 13.32

< 0.001

15.71 ± 22.19

21.59 ± 14.84

20.57 ± 19.61

22.69 ± 20.3

0.587

Vitamin B3 (mg/day)

42.46 ± 54.28

21.35 ± 42.03

43.79 ± 75.58

89.18 ± 91.87

0.005

64.53 ± 92.60

13.42 ± 22.59

45.13 ± 60.12

46.38 ± 63.15

0.040

85.96 ± 98.36

30.32 ± 68.92

32.51 ± 39.22

38.00 ± 47.19

0.009

Vitamin B5 (mg/day)

5.98 ± 4.45

3.51 ± 2.79

4.69 ± 3.57

9.41 ± 5.30

< 0.001

6.08 ± 4.70

2.96 ± 1.92

4.82 ± 3.82

7.27 ± 4.92

0.001

6.12 ± 5.42

3.69 ± 3.87

5.35 ± 3.63

6.54 ± 4.25

0.036

Vitamin B6 (mg/day)

262.59 ± 261.54

329.39 ± 205.14

250.03 ± 219.71

90.02 ± 165.24

0.005

328.83 ± 265.69

413.38 ± 193.12

226.04 ± 185.11

117.76 ± 19.07

< 0.001

123.81 ± 165.75

281.04 ± 170.19

238.89 ± 232.45

318.47 ± 283.56

0.016

Vitamin B9 (µg/day)

303.22 ± 376.61

129.37 ± 279.53

220.20 ± 298.76

528.56 ± 398.13

0.001

292.19 ± 429.96

68.10 ± 187.52

225.24 ± 317.57

417.79 ± 359.23

0.001

364.70 ± 368.55

140.79 ± 302.67

270.19 ± 335.93

305.79 ± 386.46

0.101

Vitamin B12 (µg/day)

472.71 ± 580.48

564.07 ± 388.91

484.41 ± 453.56

202.63 ± 397.32

0.083

666.88 ± 586.33

673.35 ± 406.71

385.33 ± 343.49

245.56 ± 461.42

< 0.001

148.31 ± 191.83

441.51 ± 295.03

436.87 ± 407.29

677.78 ± 651.59

0.001

Vitamin A (mg/day)

3620.99 ± 3666.24

4180.46 ± 2431.23

4351.88 ± 3846.72

2883.94 ± 2613.82

0.435

5047.66 ± 3446.99

5135.81 ± 3257.06

3148.88 ± 2437.51

2737.89 ± 3273.53

0.003

1654.20 ± 1209.90

3490.39 ± 2102.49

3608.41 ± 2599.23

5534.14 ± 4283.29

< 0.001

Bata Carotene (mg/day)

3811.43 ± 4960.10

2068.69 ± 3858.19

2935.97 ± 3467.14

10272.83 ± 9060.58

< 0.001

4404.27 ± 5799.50

1508.84 ± 2519.83

2960.57 ± 4488.92

6428.99 ± 7356.66

0.005

4515.37 ± 6516.96

2513.92 ± 4518.64

3715.76 ± 4289.19

5136.02 ± 6929.09

0.264

Calcium (mg/day)

534.35 ± 660.53

222.93 ± 498.08

370.51 ± 484.04

1023.08 ± 714.09

< 0.001

498.43 ± 738.42

118.40 ± 307.92

426.80 ± 582.59

745.56 ± 656.80

0.001

639.77 ± 653.71

270.54 ± 582.78

487.08 ± 550.41

535.92 ± 694.71

0.154

Iron (mg/day)

216.97 ± 229.62

252.47 ± 135.58

213.28 ± 164.74

94.19 ± 133.11

0.028

267.75 ± 191.67

305.63 ± 130.68

182.56 ± 130.44

124.39 ± 207.74

< 0.001

114.83 ± 124.89

213.31 ± 110.29

199.93 ± 174.99

265.24 ± 238.41

0.023

Magnesium (mg/day)

1040.05 ± 637.09

970.72 ± 333.33

872.55 ± 327.32

820.49 ± 366.69

0.293

1202.33 ± 441.98

1052.02 ± 294.56

853.04 ± 272.51

785.61 ± 608.16

0.001

758.12 ± 349.06

877.49 ± 262.15

904.98 ± 378.45

1148.11 ± 617.39

0.006

Phosphor (mg/day)

3188.08 ± 1992.18

2934.73 ± 1014.92

3062.02 ± 1275.51

2809.95 ± 1296.58

0.805

3822.51 ± 1420.16

3281.28 ± 1116.44

2695.02 ± 824.87

2591.23 ± 1942.93

0.004

2235.86 ± 1019.47

2628.29 ± 779.09

2911.23 ± 1060.44

3884.65 ± 1958.21

< 0.001

Potassium (mg/day)

3919.48 ± 2763.88

2406.48 ± 1976.66

3166.13 ± 2114.56

5623.32 ± 3369.62

< 0.001

4121.18 ± 3030.22

2113.48 ± 1255.83

3072.89 ± 2230.14

4541.30 ± 3087.60

0.002

4370.79 ± 3420.41

2476.19 ± 2480.59

3471.47 ± 1926.62

3997.25 ± 2700.02

0.037

Sodium (mg/day)

2416.43 ± 3158.25

864.48 ± 1918.38

1994.35 ± 2902.06

3930.25 ± 3240.71

0.003

2517.44 ± 3866.75

531.26 ± 1489.57

1985.97 ± 2719.69

2903.05 ± 2772.99

0.012

3524.30 ± 3662.03

1317.66 ± 2950.71

1950.28 ± 2428.94

1980.70 ± 2608.92

0.056

Zinc (mg/day)

9.55 ± 9.14

4.76 ± 7.08

7.77 ± 9.01

16.15 ± 11.75

< 0.001

10.44 ± 11.97

3.48 ± 4.37

8.19 ± 8.98

11.38 ± 9.55

0.008

12.57 ± 12.07

5.37 ± 9.39

8.13 ± 7.68

9.57 ± 8.78

0.047

Copper (mg/day)

4.71 ± 2.09

4.66 ± 1.75

4.89 ± 2.09

5.06 ± 3.08

0.918

6.11 ± 2.32

5.40 ± 1.39

4.11 ± 1.42

4.02 ± 2.47

< 0.001

4.67 ± 2.58

4.36 ± 1.97

4.58 ± 2.03

5.35 ± 2.06

0.229

Manganese (mg/day)

42.41 ± 34.65

48.33 ± 24.90

35.33 ± 23.36

20.19 ± 18.37

0.005

52.92 ± 32.95

54.71 ± 21.11

36.23 ± 22.82

21.86 ± 24.83

< 0.001

24.87 ± 19.24

41.44 ± 19.24

37.37 ± 29.40

47.27 ± 35.82

0.032

Selenium (mg/day)

88.89 ± 29.16

78.73 ± 31.07

81.11 ± 31.69

88.22 ± 37.58

0.473

92.17 ± 32.99

78.16 ± 24.09

82.09 ± 31.12

83.87 ± 35.35

0.434

79.39 ± 38.67

70.58 ± 25.90

87.22 ± 25.19

95.22 ± 32.19

0.007