Mediterranean diet adherence and sleep pattern: a systematic review of observational studies

fallah, Melika; Aminianfar, Azadeh; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad

doi:10.1186/s40795-024-00853-x

BMC Nutrition

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies on the association between consumption of Mediterranean diet and pattern of sleeping

From: Mediterranean diet adherence and sleep pattern: a systematic review of observational studies

Author	Gender	Study Design	Country	Age	Outcome Assessment	Exposure Assessment	Sample Size	Study Quality	Outcome	Result
Zuraitkat et al. 2020	female 100%	Cohort	USA	20–76 y	PSQI ^a	FFQ^b /aMed score	432	Fair quality	Sleep onset latency	lower sleep onset latency
									Sleep efficiency	no association
									Sleep disturbances	lower sleep disturbances
Godos et al. 2019	female 58.5%, male 41.5%	cross sectional	Italy	over 18 y	PSQI	FFQ/Medi-lite score	1936	Good quality	Sleep quality	higher sleep quality
									Sleep latency	Lower sleep latency
									Sleep duration	Lower shorter sleep duration
									Habitual sleep efficacy	lower low sleep efficacy
									Sleep disturbances	no association
									Day time dysfunction	lower day dysfunction
									Self-rated sleep quality	Higher sleep quality
									need medication to sleep	no association
van Egmond et al. 2019	females 53%, male 47%	cross sectional	Sweden	71 ± 1	questionnaires	food record/mMDS	970	Good quality	Sleep initiating problems	no association
van Egmond et al. 2019	females 53%, male 47%	cross sectional	Sweden	71 ± 1	questionnaires	food record/mMDS	970	Good quality	Sleep maintenance problems	no association
Mamalaki et al. 2018	female 59.2%, male 40.8%	cross sectional	Greece	≥ 65 y	questionnaires	FFQ / MedDietScore	1639	Good quality	Sleep duration	no association
Mamalaki et al. 2018	female 59.2%, male 40.8%	cross sectional	Greece	≥ 65 y	questionnaires	FFQ / MedDietScore	1639	Good quality	Sleep quality	lower trouble falling sleep, higher sleep adequacy
Flor-Alemany et al. 2020	female 100%	cross sectional	Spain	32.9 ± 4.6	PSQI	FFQ /MFP^c	150	Fair quality	Sleep quality	higher sleep quality during both the 16th and 34th
Campanini et al. 2017	female 51.4%, male 48.5%	Cohort	Spain	≥ 60 y	questionnaires/ESS^d	questionnaires/MEDAS^e	1596	Fair quality	indicator of Sleep quality	higher sleep quality
Campanini et al. 2017	female 51.4%, male 48.5%	Cohort	Spain	≥ 60 y	questionnaires/ESS^d	questionnaires/MEDAS^e	1596	Fair quality	Sleep duration	lower change in sleep duration
Castro-Diehl et al. 2018	female 53.6%, male 46.4%	cross sectional	USA	45–84	WHIIRS^f/Actigraphy	FFQ /aMed score	2068	Good quality	Insomnia	Lower insomnia by no change vs. decrease in a Med score
Castro-Diehl et al. 2018	female 53.6%, male 46.4%	cross sectional	USA	45–84	WHIIRS^f/Actigraphy	FFQ /aMed score	2068	Good quality	Sleep duration	more likely to sleep 6–7 h/night (vs. <6 h/night)
Ferranti et al. 2016	female 54.6%, male 45.5%	cross sectional	Italy	11-14y	questionnaires/PDSS^g	FFQ /KIDMED	1586	Good quality	sleep quality	higher total sleep time, week day sleep time
Ferranti et al. 2016	female 54.6%, male 45.5%	cross sectional	Italy	11-14y	questionnaires/PDSS^g	FFQ /KIDMED	1586	Good quality	sleep quantity	Lower insomnia
Adelantado-Renau et al. 2018	girl 48%, boys 52%	cross sectional	Spain	14-18y	PSQI/Wrist-worn accelerometer	KIDMED^h	269	Fair quality	Sleep quality	Higher sleep quality
Adelantado-Renau et al. 2018	girl 48%, boys 52%	cross sectional	Spain	14-18y	PSQI/Wrist-worn accelerometer	KIDMED^h	269	Fair quality	Sleep duration	no association
Muscogiuri et al. 2020	females71.5%/male 28.5%	Cross sectional	Italy	51.8 ± 15.7 y	PSQI	PREDIMED	172	Fair quality	Sleep quality	Higher sleep quality
Boraita et al. 2020	females 50%, males 50%	Cross sectional	Spain	12–17 y	questionnaire	KIDMED	761	Good quality	Sleep duration	More sleep duration
Rosi et al. 2020	females 46%, males 54%	Cross sectional	Italy	11–14 y	questionnaires/PDSS	KIDMED	409	Good quality	Sleep duration	adequate sleep duration
									Sleep quality	higher sleep quality
									daytime sleepiness	Lower sleepiness
ÖZCAN1 et al. 2021	females 31%, males 69%	Cross sectional	Turkey	19–65 y	PSQI	MEDAS/quesstionnaries	1053	Good quality	Sleep quality	higher sleep quality
Zaidalkilani et al. 2021	female	Cross sectional	Jordan	36 ± 10 y	AIS	Questionnarie/ PREDIMED	917	Good quality	Insomnia	Lower insomnia
Gupta et al. 2021	female 26%, male 74%	Cross sectional	Costa Rican		questionnaires	FFQ /aMed score	2169	Good quality	Sleep duration	Adequate sleep duration
									inconsistent between weekday-weekend sleep	no association
									take nap	no association
Bakırhan et al. 2022	females 63%, males 37%	Cross sectional	Turkey	19–64 y	PSQI	MEDAS	250	Good quality	Sleep quality	higher sleep quality
Naja et al. 2022	Females 81.5%, males 18.5%	Cross sectional	Emirates	22 y	PSQI	KIDMED	503	Good quality	Sleep quality	better subjective sleep quality
									sleep latency	less sleep latency
									sleep disturbance	less sleep disturbance
									Sleep medication	No association
									Sleep duration	No association
									daytime dysfunction	less daytime dysfunction
									Sleep efficacy	No association
Yaghtin et val. 2022	female	Cross sectional	Iran	12–18 y	ISI ^j	FFQ/mMED ^k	733	Good quality	Insomnia	Lower insomnia
López-Gil et al. 2023	Females 55.3%, males 44.7%	Cross sectional	Spain	12–17 y	questionnaire	KIDMED	847	Good quality	Sleep duration	Higher sleep duration
Mantzorou et al. 2023	Females 48.4%, males 51.6%	Cross sectional	Greek	≥ 65 y	PSQI	MedDietScore/FFQ	3254	Good quality	Sleep quality	Higher sleep quality

a. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
b. Food Frequency Questionnaire
c. Mediterranean food pattern
d. Epworth Sleepiness Scale
e. Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener
f. Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale
g. Parkinson’s disease sleep scale
h. Mediterranean Quality Index for children and teenagers
i. Athens Insomnia Scale
j. Iranian version of the Insomnia Severity Index
k. modified Mediterranean diet score

Back to article page

ISSN: 2055-0928

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com