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Table 4 Adjusted binary logistic regression showing the factors associated with skipping breakfast among study participants

From: Skipping breakfast and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, night eating syndrome, and sleep quality among university students in Bangladesh

Variable(s)

Adjusted Regression Model

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P value

  

Lower limit

Upper limit

 

Gender

    

Male

Reference

   

Female

1.65

1.06

2.55

0.025

Age (in years)

    

18–21

0.91

0.57

1.45

0.688

22–26

Reference

   

Study level

    

1st year

1.21

0.52

2.77

0.661

2nd year

0.93

0.38

2.26

0.867

3rd year

0.52

0.20

1.36

0.182

4th year

Reference

   

Monthly family income (BDT)

    

<20,000

Reference

   

20,000–40,000

0.52

0.24

1.13

0.097

>40,000

0.55

0.25

1.23

0.147

Self-perceived health status

    

Very good

1.21

0.35

4.17

0.765

Good

0.54

0.18

1.59

0.266

Fair

1.45

0.47

4.42

0.517

Poor

Reference

   

Self-reported body mass index

    

Underweight

0.65

0.37

1.15

0.139

Normal weight

Reference

   

Overweight/obese

0.40

0.20

0.82

0.012

Physical activity level

    

Physically inactive

Reference

   

Moderate activity

1.23

0.62

2.42

0.552

Regular activity

1.30

0.65

2.60

0.461

Smoking status

    

Yes

3.92

1.57

9.78

0.003

No

Reference

   

Taking dietary supplements

    

Yes

1.43

0.73

2.81

0.299

No

Reference

   

Night eating syndrome

    

Yes

1.84

1.06

3.22

0.031

No

Reference

   

Overall sleep quality

    

Good

Reference

   

Poor

2.95

1.93

4.51

< 0.001

  1. Note Bolded values indicate statistically significant (p < 0.05). The adjusted regression model was fitted by the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test [chi-square (df) = 9.711 (8), p value = 0.286]