Table 1 Participant characteristics and associations with cancer-related dietary changes and dietary supplement use

%

n = 468

%

n = 315

%

n = 153

p-value

%

n = 373

p-value

%

n = 340

p-value

Sex

0.240*

0.307*

Women

67.3

315

80.1

246

78.0

234

Men

32.7

153

84.7

127

73.6

106

Age

< 0.001*

0.675*

0.035*

19–50 years

23.1

100

27.9

81

13.3

19

83.0

83

67.0

67

51–64 years

41.3

179

43.4

126

37.1

53

79.3

142

80.4

144

65–82 years

35.6

154

28.6

83

49.7

71

82.5

127

77.8

119

Mean age years (SD)

59.18 (11.295)

57.34 (11.277)

62.92 (10.408)

< 0.001**

58.98 (11.455)

0.444**

59.43 (11.420)

0.889**

Education

0.319*

0.223*

0.502*

Primary school

6.5

28

5.2

15

9.1

13

71.4

20

67.9

19

Secondary school

30.3

131

29.3

85

32.2

46

85.5

112

77.7

101

College/ University < 4 years

33.9

147

35.9

104

30.1

43

78.2

115

74.1

109

College/ University ≥ 4 years

29.3

127

29.7

86

28.7

41

82.7

105

79.5

101

Household income

0.477*

0.937*

0.482*

Low (Less than EUR 40 000)

10.4

45

10.3

30

10.5

15

80.0

36

75.6

34

Middle (EUR 40 000 to 79 000)

35.1

152

35.9

104

33.6

48

80.3

122

72.4

110

High (EUR 80 000 or more)

46.4

201

44.5

129

50.3

72

82.6

166

79.5

159

No reply

8.1

35

9.3

27

5.6

8

80.0

28

77.1

27

Household¹

Live alone

20.7

97

22.9

72

16.3

25

0.103*

80.4

78

0.730*

77.3

75

0.845*

Live with a partner

66.9

313

62.9

198

75.2

115

0.008*

81.5

255

0.903*

76.6

239

0.984*

Live with own children

18.2

85

21.3

67

11.8

18

0.012*

78.8

37

0.461*

68.2

58

0.043*

Other

1.5

7

1.6

5

1.3

2

1.000^

100

7

0.359^

71.4

5

0.668^

Place of residence (region)

0.460*

0.041^

0.384^

South-East

51.7

242

53.3

168

48.4

74

79.9

191

73.7

171

South

4.3

20

4.1

13

4.6

7

70.0

14

80.0

16

West

24.8

116

22.5

71

29.4

45

83.9

94

77.1

84

Central (Trøndelag)

8.5

40

8.3

26

9.2

14

75.0

27

77.8

28

North

10.7

50

11.7

34

8.5

13

94.0

47

87.2

41

Cancer site¹

Breast

39.1

183

57.8

182

0.7

1

< 0.001*

75.4

135

0.006*

77.5

134

0.726*

Gastro intestinal

13.7

64

10.5

33

20.3

31

0.004*

87.3

55

0.210*

80.3

49

0.456*

Male genitalia

11.1

52

-

-

34.0

52

-

84.3

43

0.598*

66.7

32

0.086*

Female genitalia

8.1

38

12.1

38

-

-

-

84.2

32

0.667*

94.6

35

0.007*

Lymphoma

8.8

41

6.3

20

13.7

21

0.008*

78.0

32

0.536*

82.9

34

0314*

Malignant melanoma

4.7

22

4.4

14

5.2

8

0.707*

90.9

20

0.249*

59.1

13

0.047*

Head and neck

3.8

18

1.6

5

8.5

13

< 0.001*

83.3

15

0.848*

82.4

14

0.773^

Lung

3.2

15

2.5

8

4.6

7

0.268^

78.6

11

0.765*

85.7

12

0.536^

Sarcoma

3.0

14

3.8

12

1.3

2

0.160^

78.6

11

0.765*

78.6

11

1.000^

Leukemia

2.4

11

2.2

7

2.6

4

0.755^

90.9

10

0.421*

72.7

8

0.724^

Bone marrow

2.1

10

1.9

6

2.6

4

0.735^

100

10

0.129^

70.0

7

0.705^

Other cancer sites

14.3

67

10.8

34

21.6

33

0.002*

90.5

57

0.051*

74.2

46

0.633*

In active cancer treatment

0.332*

0.034*

0.277*

Yes

33.8

158

35.2

111

30.7

47

87.0

134

79.6

121

No

66.2

310

64.8

204

69.3

106

78.9

239

75.0

129

Late and long-term effects

 0.045*

 0.064*

 0.041*

No

11.5

50

8.9

26

16.8

24

70.0

35

64.0

32

Yes, the following:

82.9

360

84.9

247

79.0

113

83.1

299

78.6

282

Fatigue

54.9

257

58.4

184

47.7

73

0.029*

84.0

216

0.129*

80.5

207

0.021*

Sleep disorder

38.5

180

45.7

144

23.5

36

< 0.001*

85.6

154

0.080*

82.2

148

0.020*

Hot flushes

36.3

170

46.0

145

16.3

25

< 0.001*

81.2

138

0.851*

81.8

139

0.042*

Nerve damage (polyneuropathy)

35.3

165

42.2

133

20.9

32

< 0.001*

83.0

137

0.558*

82.4

136

0.025*

Pain

34.0

159

40.0

126

21.6

33

< 0.001*

83.0

132

0.573*

78.6

125

0.448*

Decreased muscle strength and mobility

33.8

158

39.4

124

22.2

34

< 0.001*

83.5

132

0.440*

80.3

126

0.176*

Cognitive challenges

31.8

149

41.0

129

13.1

20

< 0.001*

84.6

126

0.258*

83.2

124

0.019*

Sexual problems

29.3

137

26.7

84

34.6

53

0.075*

83.9

115

0.402*

78.8

108

0.453*

Gained weight

25.2

118

30.8

97

13.7

21

< 0.001*

86.4

102

0.116*

83.9

88

0.028*

Anxiety or depression

20.5

96

22.5

71

16.3

25

0.119*

91.7

88

0.004*

86.5

83

0.010*

Early menopause

19.2

90

28.6

90

-

-

-

77.8

70

0.294*

82.2

74

0.157*