Table 1 Population description
Bilberry-grape juice (n = 30) | Placebo juice (n = 30) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic charachteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 72 | (69.0–75.0) | 71 | (69.0–73.0) |
BMI | 24 | (23.8–26.0) | 25 | (24.5–26.5) |
Education (years) | 17 | (16.0–18.0) | 16.5 | (15.0–17.0) |
Work (years) | 43 | (40.0–46.0) | 45 | (44.0–49.0) |
Memory problems (years) | 2 | (2.0–3.0) | 3 | (3.0–7.0) |
Smoking status | ||||
Non-smokers, (n) | 26 | (26%) | 29 | (29%) |
Smokers, years (n) | 4 | (4%) | 0 | (0%) |
NN(n) | 0 | (0%) | 1 | (1%) |
Former smoking status | ||||
Never smokers (n) | 13 | (13%) | 11 | (11%) |
Former smokers (n) | 15 | (15%) | 14 | (14%) |
Smoking duration | ||||
Former smoking, (years) | 22 | (14.0–30.0) | 20 | (17.0–25.0) |
Years since quitting smoking | 35 | (30.0–38.0) | 31 | (24.0–35.0) |
Comorbidities | ||||
Asthma (n) | 0 | (0%) | 5 | (17%) |
Other airway diseases (n) | 0 | (0%) | 2 | (7%) |
Stomach-related diseases (n) | 1 | (3%) | 2 | (7%) |
Rheumatism (n) | 3 | (10%) | 3 | (10%) |
Heart related diseases (n) | 3 | (10%) | 3 | (10%) |
Stroke | 0 | (0%) | 2 | (7%) |
Diabetes type 1 (n) | 0 | (0%) | 2 | (7%) |
Diabetes type 2 (n) | 1 | (3%) | 2 | (7%) |
Cancer (n) | 4 | (13%) | 5 | (17%) |
Dietary intake | ||||
FRAP (total antioxidant intake) | 22 | (20–26) | 23 | (19–28) |
Potoatoes (g/day) | 136 | (98–173) | 127 | (112–172) |
Vegetables (g/day) | 215 | (146–281) | 150 | (121–288) |
’Fruit and berries (g/day) | 338 | (229–422) | 393 | (260–536) |
Bilberries (g/day) | 9 | (4–21) | 5 | (2–10) |
Grapes(g/day) | 10 | (6–16) | 10 | (5–29) |
Fish (g/day) | 95 | (61–124) | 84 | (73–115) |
Coffe, filter/instant (cups/day) | 2 | (2–4) | 4 | (4–6) |
Meat (g/day) | 102 | (71–120) | 110 | (94–135) |