Gazzali AM, Lobry M, Colombeau L, Acherar S, Azais H, Mordon S, et al. Stability of folic acid under several parameters. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2016;93:419–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.045.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Evans SE, Mygind VL, Peddie MC, Miller JC, Houghton LA. Effect of increasing voluntary folic acid food fortification on dietary folate intakes and adequacy of reproductive-age women in New Zealand. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(7):1447–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013001717.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Gool JD, Hirche H, Lax H, De Schaepdrijver L. Folic acid and primary prevention of neural tube defects: a review. Reprod Toxicol. 2018;80:73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.05.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rogers LM, Cordero AM, Pfeiffer CM, Hausman DB, Tsang BL, De-Regil LM, et al. Global folate status in women of reproductive age: a systematic review with emphasis on methodological issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1431(1):35–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13963.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nunn RL, Kehoe SH, Chopra H, Sahariah SA, Gandhi M, Di Gravio C, et al. Dietary micronutrient intakes among women of reproductive age in Mumbai slums. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019;73(11):1536–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0429-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Harika R, Faber M, Samuel F, Kimiywe J, Mulugeta A, Eilander A. Micronutrient Status and Dietary Intake of Iron, Vitamin A, Iodine, Folate and Zinc in Women of Reproductive Age and Pregnant Women in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa: A Systematic Review of Data from 2005 to 2015. Nutrients. 2017(10):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9101096.
Rodrigues HG, Gubert MB, Santos LM. Folic acid intake by pregnant women from Vale do Jequitinhonha, Brazil, and the contribution of fortified foods. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2015;65(1):27–35.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arias LD, Parra BE, Munoz AM, Cardenas DL, Duque TG, Manjarres LM. Study exploring the effects of daily supplementation with 400 mug of folic acid on the nutritional status of folate in women of reproductive age. Birth Defects Res. 2017;109(8):564–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Centeno Tablante E, Pachon H, Guetterman HM, Finkelstein JL. Fortification of wheat and maize flour with folic acid for population health outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;7:CD012150. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012150.pub2.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bulloch RE, McCowan LME, Thompson JMD, Houghton LA, Wall CR. Plasma folate and its association with folic acid supplementation, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors among New Zealand pregnant women. Br J Nutr. 2019;122(8):910–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519001788.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McNulty H, Ward M, Hoey L, Hughes CF, Pentieva K. Addressing optimal folate and related B-vitamin status through the lifecycle: health impacts and challenges. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(3):449–62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665119000661.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bitew ZW, Worku T, Alebel A, Alemu A. Magnitude and Associated Factors of Neural Tube Defects in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Glob Pediatr Health. 2020;7:2333794X20939423.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sayed AR, Bourne D, Pattinson R, Nixon J, Henderson B. Decline in the prevalence of neural tube defects following folic acid fortification and its cost-benefit in South Africa. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008;82(4):211–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdra.20442.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Amoroso L. The second international conference on nutrition: implications for hidden hunger. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2016;115:142–52. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442100.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
Google Scholar
Obeid R, Oexle K, Rissmann A, Pietrzik K, Koletzko B. Folate status and health: challenges and opportunities. J Perinat Med. 2016;44(3):261–8. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2014-0346.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gaskins AJ, Mumford SL, Chavarro JE, Zhang C, Pollack AZ, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. The impact of dietary folate intake on reproductive function in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46276. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046276.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gaskins AJ, Minguez-Alarcon L, Fong KC, Abu Awad Y, Di Q, Chavarro JE, et al. Supplemental folate and the relationship between traffic-related air pollution and livebirth among women undergoing assisted reproduction. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(9):1595–604. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz151.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
USAID. Feed The Future: Ethiopia’s Growth through Nutrition project. In: The US Goverment's Global Hunger & Food Security Initiative; 2019.
Google Scholar
Oromiya: Demography and Health [http://www.ethiodemographyandhealth.org/Oromia.html].
Assefa N, Oljira L, Baraki N, Demena M, Zelalem D, Ashenafi W, et al. HDSS profile: the Kersa health and demographic surveillance system. Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45(1):94–101. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv284.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Central Statistical Agency (CSA), ICF. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Rockville, Maryland, USA: CSA and ICF; 2016.
Google Scholar
Rutstein SO, Johnson K. The DHS wealth index. In: DHS comparative reports no 6. Calverton: ORC Macro; 2004.
Google Scholar
Bilukha O, Leidman E. Concordance between the estimates of wasting measured by weight-for-height and by mid-upper arm circumference for classification of severity of nutrition crisis: analysis of population-representative surveys from humanitarian settings. BMC Nutr. 2018;4(1):24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-018-0232-0.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
WHO (World Health Organization): Body Mass Index - BMI. 2019.
Google Scholar
Zack RM, Irema K, Kazonda P, Leyna GH, Liu E, Gilbert S, et al. Validity of an FFQ to measure nutrient and food intakes in Tanzania. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(12):2211–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018000848.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Ethiopian national food consumption survey. Addis Ababa; 2013.
Wiesmann D, Arimond M, Loechi C. Dietary diversity as a measure of the micronutrient adequacy of women’s diets: Results from rural Mozambique site. In: Washington (DC): Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project, FHI 360; 2009.
Google Scholar
FAO, FHI. 360: minimum dietary diversity for women: a guide for measurement, vol. 82. Rome: FAO; 2016.
Google Scholar
FAO. A resource guide to method selection and application in low resource settings. Rome; 2018. p. 152.
Women's Dietary Diversity Project Study Group. Development of a dichotomous Indicator for population-level assessment of dietary diversity in women of reproductive age. Curr Dev Nutr. 2017;1(12). https://doi.org/10.3945/cdn.117.001701.
Allen LH, Carriquiry AL, Murphy SP. Perspective: proposed harmonized nutrient reference values for populations. Adv Nutr. 2020;11(3):469–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz096.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zou G. A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(7):702–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh090.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yelland LN, Salter AB, Ryan P. Performance of the modified Poisson regression approach for estimating relative risks from clustered prospective data. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(8):984–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr183.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Noor RA, Abioye AI, Ulenga N, Msham S, Kaishozi G, Gunaratna NS, et al. Large -scale wheat flour folic acid fortification program increases plasma folate levels among women of reproductive age in urban Tanzania. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182099. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182099.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Miller BDD, Welch RM. Food system strategies for preventing micronutrient malnutrition. Food Policy. 2013;42:115–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.06.008.
Article
Google Scholar
Ferreira AF, Giugliani R. Consumption of folic acid-fortified flour and folate-rich foods among women at reproductive age in South Brazil. Community Genet. 2008;11(3):179–84. https://doi.org/10.1159/000113881.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Monteagudo C, Mariscal-Arcas M, Palacin A, Lopez M, Lorenzo ML, Olea-Serrano F. Estimation of dietary folic acid intake in three generations of females in southern Spain. Appetite. 2013;67:114–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.04.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karacil Ermumcu MS, Mengi Celik O, Acar Tek N. An evaluation of awareness, knowledge, and use of folic acid and dietary folate intake among non-pregnant women of childbearing age and pregnant women: a cross-sectional study from Turkey. Ecol Food Nutr. 2020;60(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2020.1807344.
Article
Google Scholar
Kancherla V, Koning J, Biluts H, Woldemariam M, Kibruyisfaw Z, Belete A, et al. Projected impact of mandatory food fortification with folic acid on neurosurgical capacity needed for treating spina bifida in Ethiopia. Birth Defects Res. 2021;113(5):393–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1857.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kancherla V, Chadha M, Rowe L, Thompson A, Jain S, Walters D, et al. Reducing the burden of Anemia and neural tube defects in low- and middle-income countries: an analysis to identify countries with an immediate potential to benefit from large-scale mandatory fortification of wheat flour and Rice. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):244. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010244.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Belgnaoui S, Belahsen R. Nutrient intake and food consumption among pregnant women from an agricultural region of Morocco. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2006;57(1-2):19–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480500465261.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maugeri A, Barchitta M, Agrifoglio O, Favara G, La Mastra C, La Rosa MC, et al. The impact of social determinants and lifestyles on dietary patterns during pregnancy: evidence from the "Mamma & Bambino" study. Ann Ig. 2019;31(2 Supple 1):81–9. https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2019.2280.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adubra L, Savy M, Fortin S, Kameli Y, Kodjo NE, Fainke K, et al. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) Indicator Is Related to Household Food Insecurity and Farm Production Diversity: Evidence from Rural Mali. Curr Dev Nutr. 2019;3:nzz002.
Article
Google Scholar
Asayehu TT, Lachat C, Henauw S, Gebreyesus SH. Dietary behaviour, food and nutrient intake of women do not change during pregnancy in southern Ethiopia. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;13(2):e12343. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12343.
Article
Google Scholar
Mekonnen DA, Talsma EF, Trijsburg L, Linderhof V, Achterbosch T, Nijhuis A, et al. Can household dietary diversity inform about nutrient adequacy? Lessons from a food systems analysis in Ethiopia. Food Security. 2020;12(6):1367–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01056-5.
Article
Google Scholar
Jemal K, Awol M. Minimum dietary diversity score and associated factors among pregnant women at Alamata general hospital, Raya Azebo zone, Tigray region, Ethiopia. J Nutr Metab. 2019;2019:8314359–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8314359.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Oumer M, Taye M, Aragie H, Tazebew A. Prevalence of spina bifida among newborns in Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Scientifica (Cairo). 2020;2020:4273510.
Google Scholar
Tadesse AW, Kassa AM, Aychiluhm SB. Determinants of neural tube defects among newborns in Amhara region, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study. Int J Pediatr. 2020;2020:5635267–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5635267.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Krishnaswamy K, Madhavan Nair K. Importance of folate in human nutrition. Br J Nutr. 2001;85(Suppl 2):S115–24. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2000303.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ohrvik VE, Witthoft CM. Human folate bioavailability. Nutrients. 2011;3(4):475–90. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu3040475.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gomes S, Lopes C, Pinto E. Folate and folic acid in the periconceptional period: recommendations from official health organizations in thirty-six countries worldwide and WHO. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(1):176–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015000555.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gashu D, Stoecker BJ, Adish A, Haki GD, Bougma K, Marquis GS. Ethiopian pre-school children consuming a predominantly unrefined plant-based diet have low prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(10):1834–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015003626.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tuokkola J, Luukkainen P, Kaila M, Takkinen HM, Niinisto S, Veijola R, et al. Maternal dietary folate, folic acid and vitamin D intakes during pregnancy and lactation and the risk of cows' milk allergy in the offspring. Br J Nutr. 2016;116(4):710–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516002464.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Desta M, Kassie B, Chanie H, Mulugeta H, Yirga T, Temesgen H, et al. Adherence of iron and folic acid supplementation and determinants among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2019;16(1):182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0848-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Eck LH, Klesges RC, Hanson CL, Slawson D, Portis L, Lavasque ME. Measuring short-term dietary intake: development and testing of a 1-week food frequency questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc. 1991;91(8):940–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(21)01264-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Resnicow K, Odom E, Wang T, Dudley WN, Mitchell D, Vaughan R, et al. Validation of three food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour recalls with serum carotenoid levels in a sample of African-American adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152(11):1072–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.11.1072.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar