Sapp J. The prokaryote-eukaryote dichotomy: meanings and mythology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2005;69:292–305.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vonshak A. Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): physiology, cell-biology and biotechnology. London: Taylor & Francis; 1997. p. 43–66.
Google Scholar
Gershwin ME, Belay A, editors. Spirulina in human nutrition and health. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008.
Google Scholar
Barry M, Ouedraogo M, Sourabie S, Guissou IP. Intérêt thérapeutique de la spiruline chez l’homme: revue général. Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2014;8(6):2740–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Bhat VB, Madyastha M. Scavenging of peroxynitrite by phycocyanin and phycocyanobilin from Spirulina platensis: protection against oxidative damage to DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;285:262–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Svcerk C. Cyanobacteria toxins and the current state of knowledge on water treatment option: a review. J Environ Eng Sci. 2004;3:155–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Fox RD. Spirulina: production and potential. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud; 1996.
Google Scholar
Ngo-Matip ME, Pieme CA, Azabji-Kenfack M, Moukette Moukette B, Korosky E, Stefanini P, Yonkeu Ngogang J, Mbofung CM. Impact of daily supplementation of Spirulina platensis on the immune system of naïve HIV-1 patients in Cameroon: a 12-months single blind, randomized, multicenter trial. Nutr J. 2015;14:70.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Deng R, Chow TJ. Hypolipidemic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of microalgae Spirulina. Cardiovasc Ther. 2010;28(4):e33–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Devi MA, Venkataraman LV. Hypocholesterolemic effect of blue-green algae Spirulina platensis in albino rats. Ann Nutr Reports Int. 1983;28:519–30.
Google Scholar
Kato T, Takemoto K, Katayama H, Kuwabara Y. Effects of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on dietary hypercholesterolemia in rats. J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci. 1984;37:323–32.
Article
Google Scholar
El-Sheekh M, Hamad SM, Gomaa M. Protective Effects of Spirulina on the Liver Function and Hyperlipidemia of Rats and Human. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2014;57(1):77–86.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Nakaya N, Homma Y, Goto Y. Cholesterol lowering effect of Spirulina. Nutr Rep Int. 1988;37:1329–37.
CAS
Google Scholar
Ramamurthy A, Premakumari S. Effect of supplementation of Spirulina on hypercholesterolemic patients. J Food Sci Technol. 1996;33(2):124–8.
Google Scholar
Ngo-Matip ME, Pieme AC, Azabji-Kenfack M, Nya Biap PC, Nkenfack G, Heike E, Moukette Moukette B, Korosky E, Mbofung CM, Yonkeu Ngogang J. Effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on lipid profile in HIV–infected antiretroviral naïve patients in Yaounde - Cameroon: a randomized trial study. Lipids Health Dis. 2014;13:191.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vanitha RP, Asna U. Inhibition of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (Ex Vivo) by Morus indica (Mulberry). Chin J Biol. 2014;5. Article ID 318561. doi:10.1155/2014/318561.
Patel HD, Shah GB, Trivedi V. Investigation of HMG CoA reductase inhibitory activity of antihyperlipidemic herbal drugs in vitro study. Asian J Exp Biol and Sci. 2011;2:63–8.
Google Scholar
Chen Z, Wang SP, Krsmanovic ML, Castro-Perez J, Gagen K, Mendoza V, Rosa R, Shah V, He T, Tout SJ, Geoghagen NS, Lee SH, McLaren DG, Wang L, Roddy TP, Plump AS, Hubbard BK, Sinz CJ, Johns DG. Small molecule activation of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase lipoprotein metabolism in mice and hamsters. Metabolism. 2012;61:470–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
OCDE. Lignes directrices de l’OCDE pour les essais de Produits chimiques : étude de toxicité orale à dose répétée pendant 28 jours sur les rongeurs. 2008
OCDE. Ligne directrice de l’OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques : toxicité orale aiguë - Méthode de la dose prédéterminée. 2001
Chinedu E, Arome D, Ameh FS. A new method for determining acute toxicity in animals models. Toxicol Int. 2013;20(3):224–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kennedy GL, Ferenz RLJ, Burgess BA. Estimation of acute toxicity in rats by determination of the approximate lethal dose rather than the LD50. J Applied Toxicol. 1986;6:145–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Naidu KA. Toxicity assessment of phycocyanin-a blue colorant from blue-green alga Spirulina platensis. Food Biotechnol. 1999;13:51.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
El Hilaly J, Israili H, Lyoussi B. Acute and chronic toxicological studies of Ajuga iva in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;91(1):43–50.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karadeniz A, Cemek M, Simsek N. The effects of Panax ginseng and Spirulina platensis on hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium in rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009;72:231–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hussein RRS, Soliman RH, Abdelhaleem Ali AM, Tawfeik MH, Abdelrahim MEA. Effect of antiepileptic drugs on liver enzymes. Beni-Suef University. J Basic Appl Sci. 2013;2(1):14–9.
Google Scholar
Abdel-Daim MM, Abuzead SMM, Halawa SM. Protective role of spirulina platensis against acute deltamethrin-induced toxicity in rats. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e72991.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tsai YC, Leichner GS, Pearce MMP, Wilson GL, Wojcikiewicz RJH, Roitelman J, Weissman AM. Differential regulation of HMG-CoA reductase and Insig-1 by enzymes of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Mol Biol Cell. 2012;23(23):4484–94.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ismail MF, Ali DA, Fernando A, Abdraboh ME, Gaur RL, et al. Chemoprevention of rat liver toxicity and carcinogenesis by Spirulina. Int J Biol Sci. 2009;5:377–87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vadiraja BB, Gaikwad NW, Madyastha KM. Hepatoprotective effect of C-phycocyanin: protection for carbon tetrachloride and R-(+)-pulegonemediated hepatotoxicty in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998;249:428–31.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ou Y, Zheng S, Lin L, Jiang Q, Yang X. Protective effect of C-phycocyanin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;185(2):94–100.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ming-Jyh S, Yao-Yuan H, Ching-Hsiu L, Chi-Chen C, Chieh-Hsi W. Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of C-phycocyanin in Golden Syrian Hamsters fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet. J Tradit Complement Med. 2013;3(1):41–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Karadeniz A, Yildirim A, Simsek N, Kalkan Y, Celebi F. Spirulina platensis protects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Phytother Res. 2008;22:1506–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Farooq SM, Asokan D, Kalaiselvi P, Sakthivel R, Varalakshmi P. Prophylactic role of phycocyanin: a study of oxalate mediated renal cell injury. Chem Biol Interact. 2004;149:1–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fukino H, et al. Effect of Spirulina on the renal toxicity induced by inorganic mercury and cisplatin. Eisei Kagaku. 1990;36:5.
Article
Google Scholar
Belay A. The Potential Application of Spirulina (Arthrospira) as a Nutritional and Therapeutic Supplement in Health Management. JANA. 2002;5(2):26–48.
Google Scholar
Ble-Castillo JL, Rodriguez-Hernandez A, Miranda-Zamora R, Juarez-Oropeza MA, Diaz-Zagoya JC. Arthrospira maxima prevents the acute fatty liver induced by the administration of simvastatin, ethanol and a hypercholesterolemic diet to mice. Life Sci. 2002;70:2665–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Iwata K, Inayama T, Kato T. Effects of Spirulina platensis on fructose-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci. 1987;40:463–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Gotto AM. Statin therapy: Where are we? Where do we go next? Am J Cardiol. 2001;87(5A):13B–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nongporn HT, Wantana R, Siva S, Pharkphoom P, Pratum R. A Subchronic Toxicity Study of Spirulina platensis. Food Sci Technol Res. 2008;14(4):351–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Toews AD, Jurevics H, Hostettler J, Roe EB, Morell P. Tissue-specific coordinate regulation of enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis: sciatic nerve versus liver. J Lipid Res. 1996;37(12):2502–9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coleman PS, Chen LC, Sepp-Loprenzino L. Cholesterol metabolism and tumor proliferation. In: Bittman R, editor. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol. 28. Cholesterol: Its functions and metabolism in biology and medicine. New York: Plenum Press; 1997. p. 363–434.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Hadi HAR, Carr SC, Al SJ. Endothelial dysfunction: cardiovascular risk factors, therapy, and outcome. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2005;1(3):183–98.
Dominic SNG. In: Cheema SK, editor. Biochemistry of Atherosclerosis edited by. New York: Springer; 2006.
Google Scholar
Dobiásová M, Frohlich J. Advances in understanding of the role of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in cholesterol transport. Clin Chim Acta. 1999;286:257–71.