Food and, Nutrition Technical Assistance Project. HIV/AIDS: A Guide For Nutritional Care and Support. 2nd Edition [Internet]. Washington DC: Academy for Educational Development; 2004. Available from: http://www.aidsdatahub.org/sites/default/files/documents/HIV_AIDS_A_Guide_for_Nutritional_Care_and_Support_2004.pdf.pdf.
Ivers LC, Cullen KA, Freedberg KA, Block S, Coates J, Webb P, Mayer KH. HIV/AIDS, undernutrition, and food insecurity. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(7):1096–102.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
De Pee S, Semba RD. Role of nutrition in HIV infection: review of evidence for more effective programming in resource-limited settings. Food Nutr Bull. 2010;31(4_suppl4):S313–44.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johannessen A, Naman E, Ngowi BJ, Sandvik L, Matee MI, Aglen HE, Gundersen SG, Bruun JN. Predictors of mortality in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy in a rural hospital in Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8(1):52.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Argemi X, Dara S, You S, Mattei JF, Courpotin C, Simon B, Hansmann Y, Christmann D, Lefebvre N. Impact of malnutrition and social determinants on survival of HIV-infected adults starting antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. Aids. 2012;26(9):1161–6.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu E, Spiegelman D, Semu H, Hawkins C, Chalamilla G, Aveika A, Nyamsangia S, Mehta S, Mtasiwa D, Fawzi W. Nutritional status and mortality among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(2):282–90.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kalofonos IA. “all I eat is ARVs”: the paradox of AIDS treatment interventions in Central Mozambique. Med Anthropol Q. 2010;24(3):363–80.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic: a UNAIDS 10th anniversary special edition [internet]. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2006. Available from: http://data.unaids.org/pub/report/2006/2006_gr_en.pdf.
Colecraft E. HIV/AIDS: nutritional implications and impact on human development. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67(1):109–13.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ivers LC, Kendrick D, Doucette K. Efficacy of antiretroviral therapy programs in resource-poor settings: a meta-analysis of the published literature. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(2):217–24.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wanke C, Silva M, Knox T, Forrester J, Speigelman D, Gorbach S. Weight loss and wasting remain common complications in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(3):803–5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Singer AW, Weiser SD, McCoy SI. Does food insecurity undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy? A systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(8):1510–26.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berhe N, Tegabu D, Alemayehu M. Effect of nutritional factors on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults: a case control study in northern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):233.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Musumari PM, Wouters E, Kayembe PK, Nzita MK, Mbikayi SM, Suguimoto SP, Techasrivichien T, Lukhele BW, El-Saaidi C, Piot P. Food insecurity is associated with increased risk of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85327.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Au JT, Kayitenkore K, Shutes E, Karita E, Peters PJ, Tichacek A, Allen SA. Access to adequate nutrition is a major potential obstacle to antiretroviral adherence among HIV-infected individuals in Rwanda. Aids. 2006;20(16):2116–8.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cantrell RA, Sinkala M, Megazinni K, Lawson-Marriott S, Washington S, Chi BH, Tambatamba-Chapula B, Levy J, Stringer EM, Mulenga L. A pilot study of food supplementation to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among food insecure adults in Lusaka, Zambia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49(2).
Musumari PM, Feldman MD, Techasrivichien T, Wouters E, Ono-Kihara M, Kihara M. “If I have nothing to eat, I get angry and push the pills bottle away from me”: a qualitative study of patient determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. AIDS Care. 2013;25(10):1271–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mangili A, Murman D, Zampini A, Wanke C, Mayer KH. Nutrition and HIV infection: review of weight loss and wasting in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy from the nutrition for healthy living cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(6):836–42.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Benzekri NA, Sambou J, Diaw B, Sall F, Niang A, Ba S, Guèye NFN, Diallo MB, Hawes SE, Seydi M. High prevalence of severe food insecurity and malnutrition among HIV-infected adults in Senegal, West Africa. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0141819.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Demographic E: Health survey 2011 central statistical agency Addis Ababa. Ethiopia ICF International Calverton, Maryland, USA 2012.
Ethiopia [Internet]. [cited 2017 Dec 14]. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/ethiopia.
Global Nutrition Report 2016: From promise to impact: ending malnutrition by 2030 :: IFPRI publications [internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 23]. Available from: http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/130354.
Central Statistical Agency (CSA), ICF: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Key Indicators Report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA. CSA and ICF. 2016. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR328/FR328.pdf.
Tiyou A, Belachew T, Alemseged F, Biadgilign S. Predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited setting of Southwest Ethiopia. AIDS Res Ther. 2010;7(1):39.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fufa H, Umeta M, Taffesse S, Mokhtar N, Aguenaou H. Nutritional and immunological status and their associations among HIV-infected adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Food Nutr Bull. 2009;30:227–32.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hailemariam S, Bune GT, Ayele HT. Malnutrition: prevalence and its associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS, in Dilla University referral hospital. Arch Public Health. 2013;71(1):13.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hadgu TH, Worku W, Tetemke D, Berhe H. Undernutrition among HIV positive women in Humera hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2013: antiretroviral therapy alone is not enough, cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):943.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Koethe JR, Chi BH, Megazzini KM, Heimburger DC, Stringer JS. Macronutrient supplementation for malnourished HIV-infected adults: a review of the evidence in resource-adequate and resource-constrained settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(5):787–98.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ndekha M, Van Oosterhout JJ, Saloojee H, Pettifor J, Manary M. Nutritional status of Malawian adults on antiretroviral therapy 1 year after supplementary feeding in the first 3 months of therapy. Tropical Med Int Health. 2009;14(9):1059–63.
Google Scholar
Rawat R, Kadiyala S, McNamara PE. The impact of food assistance on weight gain and disease progression among HIV-infected individuals accessing AIDS care and treatment services in Uganda. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):316.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
(DMRH-ART-CLINIC) DMRHAC: Half year annual report on individuals who had HIV/AIDS follow up. 2015.
Belaynew Wasie YK, Anwar Yibrie. Nutritional status of adults living with HIV/AIDS at the University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Biomed Sci. 2010;3(1):6–11.
WHO: Global database on Body Mass Index: BMI Classification. 2006.
Anthony F, Eugene B, Dennis K, et al. Harrison's principle of Internal medicine. McGraw-Hill Companies. 2008;17(1).
MoH: National comprehensive HIV prevention, Care and Treatment Training for Health care Providers training manual 2017:143–154.
Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. Wiley; 2013. vol 398.
WHO. The global prevalence of anaemia in, vol. 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
Google Scholar
Volberding PA, Levine AM, Dieterich D, Mildvan D, Mitsuyasu R, Saag M, Group AiHW. Anemia in HIV infection: clinical impact and evidence-based management strategies. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(10):1454–63.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gedle D, Gelaw B, Muluye D, Mesele M. Prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS receiving anti-retroviral therapy at Butajira hospital, southern Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition. 2015;1(1):5.
Google Scholar
Thapa R, Amatya A, Pahari DP, Bam K, Newman MS. Nutritional status and its association with quality of life among people living with HIV attending public anti-retroviral therapy sites of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. AIDS Res Ther. 2015;12(1):14.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kenea MA, Garoma S, Gemede HF. Assessment of adult nutritional status and associated factors among ART users in Nekemte referral hospital and health center, east Wollega zone, Ethiopia. J Food Nutr Sci. 2015;3(2):56–63.
Google Scholar
Sadler EBaK: Early stages of a ‘food by Prescription' program for HIV-infected adults. Field Exchange 2011, 40:82.
Weldehaweria NB, Abreha EH, Weldu MG, Misgina KH. Psychosocial correlates of nutritional status among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a matched case-control study in central zone of Tigray, northern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0174082.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
jc1515_policy_brief_nutrition_en_1.pdf [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 23]. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/jc1515_policy_brief_nutrition_en_1.pdf
Evans D, Maskew M, Sanne I. Increased risk of mortality and loss to follow-up among HIV-positive patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and malnutrition before antiretroviral therapy initiation: a retrospective analysis from a large urban cohort in Johannesburg, South Africa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;113(3):362–72.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Paton NI, Sangeetha S, Earnest A, Bellamy R. The impact of malnutrition on survival and the CD4 count response in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2006;7(5):323–30.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Atuyambe LM, Ssegujja E, Ssali S, Tumwine C, Nekesa N, Nannungi A, Ryan G, Wagner G. HIV/AIDS status disclosure increases support, behavioural change and, HIV prevention in the long term: a case for an Urban Clinic, Kampala, Uganda. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14(1):276.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Deribe K, Woldemichael K, Wondafrash M, Haile A, Amberbir A. Disclosure experience and associated factors among HIV positive men and women clinical service users in Southwest Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):81.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Neville Miller A, Rubin DL. Factors leading to self-disclosure of a positive HIV diagnosis in Nairobi, Kenya: people living with HIV/AIDS in the sub-Sahara. Qual Health Res. 2007;17(5):586–98.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Greeff M, Phetlhu R, Makoae LN, Dlamini PS, Holzemer WL, Naidoo JR, Kohi TW, Uys LR, Chirwa ML. Disclosure of HIV status: experiences and perceptions of persons living with HIV/AIDS and nurses involved in their care in Africa. Qual Health Res. 2008;18(3):311–24.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stirratt MJ, Remien RH, Smith A, Copeland OQ, Dolezal C, Krieger D, Team SCS. The role of HIV serostatus disclosure in antiretroviral medication adherence. AIDS Behav. 2006;10(5):483–93.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zea MC, Reisen CA, Poppen PJ, Bianchi FT, Echeverry JJ. Disclosure of HIV status and psychological well-being among Latino gay and bisexual men. AIDS Behav. 2005;9(1):15–26.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Daniel M, Mazengia F, Birhanu D. Nutritional status and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS clients in Felege Hiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Sci J Public Health. 2013;1(1):24–31.
Google Scholar
Rebick GW, Franke MF, Teng JE, Jerome JG, Ivers LC. Food insecurity, dietary diversity, and body mass index of HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy in rural Haiti. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(5):1116–22.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Andrade CS, Jesus RP, Andrade TB, Oliveira NS, Nabity SA, Ribeiro GS. Prevalence and characteristics associated with malnutrition at hospitalization among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Brazil. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48717.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mojon P, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Rapin C-H. Relationship between oral health and nutrition in very old people. Age Ageing. 1999;28(5):463–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar