Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
van Oostrom AJ, Rabelink TJ, Verseyden C, Sijmonsma TP, Plokker HW, De Jaegere PP, et al. Activation of leukocytes by postprandial lipemia in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis. 2004;177(1):175–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Quintana JM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Tasset-Cuevas I, Tunez I, Garcia-Rios A, et al. Postprandial oxidative stress is modified by dietary fat: evidence from a human intervention study. Clin Sci (Lond). 2010;119(6):251–61.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dominiczak MH, Caslake MJ. Apolipoproteins: metabolic role and clinical biochemistry applications. Ann Clin Biochem. 2011;48(Pt 6):498–515. https://doi.org/10.1258/acb.2011.011111.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Obesity and Dyslipidemia. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Grossman A, et al., editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA)2000.
Garelnabi M, Lor K, Jin J, Chai F, Santanam N. The paradox of ApoA5 modulation of triglycerides: evidence from clinical and basic research. Clin Biochem. 2013;46(1–2):12–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.09.007.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van der Vliet HN, Sammels MG, Leegwater AC, Levels JH, Reitsma PH, Boers W, et al. Apolipoprotein A-V: a novel apolipoprotein associated with an early phase of liver regeneration. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(48):44512–20. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M106888200.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pennacchio LA, Olivier M, Hubacek JA, Cohen JC, Cox DR, Fruchart JC, et al. An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing. Science. 2001;294(5540):169–73. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1064852.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calandra S, Priore Oliva C, Tarugi P, Bertolini S. APOA5 and triglyceride metabolism, lesson from human APOA5 deficiency. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2006;17(2):122–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mol.0000217892.00618.54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen SH, Yang CY, Chen PF, Setzer D, Tanimura M, Li WH, et al. The complete cDNA and amino acid sequence of human apolipoprotein B-100. J Biol Chem. 1986;261(28):12918–21.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mahley RW, Innerarity TL, Rall SC Jr, Weisgraber KH. Plasma lipoproteins: apolipoprotein structure and function. J Lipid Res. 1984;25(12):1277–94.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Whitfield AJ, Barrett PH, van Bockxmeer FM, Burnett JR. Lipid disorders and mutations in the APOB gene. Clin Chem. 2004;50(10):1725–32. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.038026.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shapiro MD, Fazio S. Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. F1000Res. 2017;6:134.
Article
Google Scholar
Kiani R. Dyslipidemia. Maleki M, Alizadehasl, A., Haghjoo, M., editor. US: Elsevier; 2018.
Jong MC, Hofker MH, Havekes LM. Role of ApoCs in lipoprotein metabolism: functional differences between ApoC1, ApoC2, and ApoC3. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19(3):472–84. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.19.3.472.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gordts PL, Nock R, Son NH, Ramms B, Lew I, Gonzales JC, et al. ApoC-III inhibits clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins through LDL family receptors. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(8):2855–66. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI86610.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Taskinen MR, Boren J. Why Is Apolipoprotein CIII Emerging as a Novel Therapeutic Target to Reduce the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease? Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2016;18(10):59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-016-0614-1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mahley RW. Apolipoprotein E: from cardiovascular disease to neurodegenerative disorders. J Mol Med (Berl). 2016;94(7):739–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-016-1427-y.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Okada M, Matsui H, Ito Y, Fujiwara A. Direct measurement of HDL cholesterol: method eliminating apolipoprotein E-rich particles. J Clin Lab Anal. 2001;15(4):223–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.1031.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Huebbe P, Rimbach G. Evolution of human apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms: Gene structure, protein function and interaction with dietary factors. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;37:146–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.06.002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mahley RW, Rall SC Jr. Apolipoprotein E: far more than a lipid transport protein. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2000;1:507–37. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genom.1.1.507.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Willnow TE. The low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family: multiple roles in lipid metabolism. J Mol Med (Berl). 1999;77(3):306–15.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Takahashi S, Kawarabayasi Y, Nakai T, Sakai J, Yamamoto T. Rabbit very low density lipoprotein receptor: a low density lipoprotein receptor-like protein with distinct ligand specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89(19):9252–6. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.19.9252.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Morjane I, Charoute H, Ouatou S, Elkhattabi L, Benrahma H, Saile R, et al. Association of c.56C > G (rs3135506) Apolipoprotein A5 Gene Polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease in Moroccan Subjects: A Case-Control Study and an Updated Meta-Analysis. Cardiol Res Pract. 2020;2020:5981971. https://www.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5981971.
Mahley RW. Central Nervous System Lipoproteins: ApoE and Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(7):1305–15. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307023.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhang FH, Yin RX, Yao LM, Yan RQ, Lu L, Su Y. Correlation Between the APOB rs1042034 SNP and Blood Lipid Characteristics of 2 Ethnic Groups in China. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2019;25:1076029619892088. https://www.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029619892088.
Kelly RB. Diet and exercise in the management of hyperlipidemia. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(9):1097–102.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Towne B, Blangero J, Siervogel RM. Genotype by sex interaction in measures of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. Genet Epidemiol. 1993;10(6):611–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.1370100647.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li M, Zhao JV, Kwok MK, Schooling CM. Age and sex specific effects of APOE genotypes on ischemic heart disease and its risk factors in the UK Biobank. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):9229. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88256-x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jensen MD. Gender differences in regional fatty acid metabolism before and after meal ingestion. J Clin Invest. 1995;96(5):2297–303. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118285.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang X, Magkos F, Mittendorfer B. Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: it’s not just about sex hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(4):885–93. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2061.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Johnson JL, Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Samsa GP, McCartney JS, Houmard JA, et al. Gender and racial differences in lipoprotein subclass distributions: the STRRIDE study. Atherosclerosis. 2004;176(2):371–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.05.018.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F, Ordovas JM. Influence of genetic factors in the modulation of postprandial lipemia. Atheroscler Suppl. 2008;9(2):49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2008.05.005.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mittendorfer B, Horowitz JF, Klein S. Gender differences in lipid and glucose kinetics during short-term fasting. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;281(6):E1333-9. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.E1333.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mittendorfer B. Sexual dimorphism in human lipid metabolism. J Nutr. 2005;135(4):681–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.4.681.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baldiviez LM, Keim NL, Laugero KD, Hwang DH, Huang L, Woodhouse LR, et al. Design and implementation of a crosssectional nutritional phenotyping study in healthy US adults. BMC Nutrition. 2017;3:79.
Article
Google Scholar
Dimitratos SM, Hercules M, Stephensen CB, Cervantes E, Laugero KD. Association between physiological stress load and diet quality patterns differs between male and female adults. Physiol Behav. 2021;240:113538.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Au A, Griffiths LR, Irene L, Kooi CW, Wei LK. The impact of APOA5, APOB, APOC3 and ABCA1 gene polymorphisms on ischemic stroke: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2017;265:60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.003.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khlebus E, Kutsenko V, Meshkov A, Ershova A, Kiseleva A, Shevtsov A, et al. Multiple rare and common variants in APOB gene locus associated with oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein levels. PLoS One. 2019;14(5).
Article
Google Scholar
Povel CM, Boer JM, Imholz S, Dolle ME, Feskens EJ. Genetic variants in lipid metabolism are independently associated with multiple features of the metabolic syndrome. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:118. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-10-118.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ye H, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Wang L, Liu H, Wang C, et al. Meta-analysis of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) rs2228671 polymorphism and coronary heart disease. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:564940.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ouatou S, Ajjemami M, Charoute H, Sefri H, Ghalim N, Rhaissi H, et al. Association of APOA5 rs662799 and rs3135506 polymorphisms with arterial hypertension in Moroccan patients. Lipids Health Dis. 2014;13:60. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-13-60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ken-Dror G, Goldbourt U, Dankner R. Different effects of apolipoprotein A5 SNPs and haplotypes on triglyceride concentration in three ethnic origins. J Hum Genet. 2010;55(5):300–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2010.27.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li WW, Dammerman MM, Smith JD, Metzger S, Breslow JL, Leff T. Common genetic variation in the promoter of the human apo CIII gene abolishes regulation by insulin and may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Invest. 1995;96(6):2601–5. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118324.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rasmussen KL, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG, Frikke-Schmidt R. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein E and risk of ischemic heart disease in the general population. Atherosclerosis. 2016;246:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.038.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Yin X, Li L, Deng S, He Z. Association of Apolipoprotein C3 Genetic Polymorphisms with the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the Northern Chinese Han Population. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0163910.
Article
Google Scholar
Rifkind BM, Segal P. Lipid Research Clinics Program reference values for hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia. JAMA. 1983;250(14):1869–72.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kao JT, Wen HC, Chien KL, Hsu HC, Lin SW. A novel genetic variant in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Hum Mol Genet. 2003;12(19):2533–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddg255.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gu QL, Han Y, Lan YM, Li Y, Kou W, Zhou YS, et al. Association between polymorphisms in the APOB gene and hyperlipidemia in the Chinese Yugur population. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2017;50(11):e6613.
Article
Google Scholar
Zhou F, Guo T, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Yu D. Variants in the APOB gene was associated with Ischemic Stroke susceptibility in Chinese Han male population. Oncotarge. 2018;9(2):2249–54.
Article
Google Scholar
Reyes-Soffer G, Sztalryd C, Horenstein RB, Holleran S, Matveyenko A, Thomas T, et al. Effects of APOC3 Heterozygous Deficiency on Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39(1):63–72. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311476.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Petersen KF, Dufour S, Hariri A, Nelson-Williams C, Foo JN, Zhang XM, et al. Apolipoprotein C3 gene variants in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(12):1082–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0907295.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Drenos F, Talmud PJ, Casas JP, Smeeth L, Palmen J, Humphries SE, et al. Integrated associations of genotypes with multiple blood biomarkers linked to coronary heart disease risk. Hum Mol Genet. 2009;18(12):2305–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp159.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, Small GW, et al. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families. Science. 1993;261(5123):921–3. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8346443.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hobbs HH, Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Molecular genetics of the LDL receptor gene in familial hypercholesterolemia. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(6):445–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380010602.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH. Effects of dietary fats on blood lipids: a review of direct comparison trials. Open Heart. 2018;5(2):e000871.
Article
Google Scholar
Mosher MJ, Lange LA, Howard BV, Lee ET, Best LG, Fabsitz RR, et al. Sex-specific interaction between APOE genotype and carbohydrate intake affects plasma HDL-C levels: the Strong Heart Family Study. Genes Nutr. 2008;3(2):87–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12263-008-0075-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Davis CE, Williams DH, Oganov RG, Tao SC, Rywik SL, Stein Y, et al. Sex difference in high density lipoprotein cholesterol in six countries. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143(11):1100–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008686.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Genest JJ, McNamara JR, Salem DN, Schaefer EJ. Prevalence of risk factors in men with premature coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1991;67(15):1185–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(91)90924-a.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fisher EA, Feig JE, Hewing B, Hazen SL, Smith JD. High-density lipoprotein function, dysfunction, and reverse cholesterol transport. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32(12):2813–20. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300133.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, Neaton JD, Castelli WP, Knoke JD, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. Circulation. 1989;79(1):8–15. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.79.1.8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krieger M. Scavenger receptor class B type I is a multiligand HDL receptor that influences diverse physiologic systems. J Clin Invest. 2001;108(6):793–7. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI14011.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
O’Brien PJ, Alborn WE, Sloan JH, Ulmer M, Boodhoo A, Knierman MD, et al. The novel apolipoprotein A5 is present in human serum, is associated with VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons, and circulates at very low concentrations compared with other apolipoproteins. Clin Chem. 2005;51(2):351–9. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.040824.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chapman MJ, Ginsberg HN, Amarenco P, Andreotti F, Boren J, Catapano AL, et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(11):1345–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dai W, Zhang Z, Yao C, Zhao S. Emerging evidences for the opposite role of apolipoprotein C3 and apolipoprotein A5 in lipid metabolism and coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):220. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1166-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Qu S, Perdomo G, Su D, D’Souza FM, Shachter NS, Dong HH. Effects of apoA-V on HDL and VLDL metabolism in APOC3 transgenic mice. J Lipid Res. 2007;48(7):1476–87. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M600498-JLR200.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Castelli WP. Cholesterol and lipids in the risk of coronary artery disease--the Framingham Heart Study. Can J Cardiol. 1988;4 Suppl A:5A-10A.
Mahley RW. Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology. Science. 1988;240(4852):622–30. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3283935.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ruiz J, Kouiavskaia D, Migliorini M, Robinson S, Saenko EL, Gorlatova N, et al. The apoE isoform binding properties of the VLDL receptor reveal marked differences from LRP and the LDL receptor. J Lipid Res. 2005;46(8):1721–31. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M500114-JLR200.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li Y, Li C, Gao J. Apolipoprotein C3 gene variants and the risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene. 2016;9:104–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mgene.2016.04.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dallongeville J, Meirhaeghe A, Cottel D, Fruchart JC, Amouyel P, Helbecque N. Gender related association between genetic variations of APOC-III gene and lipid and lipoprotein variables in northern France. Atherosclerosis. 2000;150(1):149–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00362-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Il’yasova D, Wang F, D’Agostino RB Jr, Hanley A, Wagenknecht LE. Prospective association between fasting NEFA and type 2 diabetes: impact of post-load glucose. Diabetologia. 2010;53(5):866–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-010-1657-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Karpe F, Dickmann JR, Frayn KN. Fatty acids, obesity, and insulin resistance: time for a reevaluation. Diabetes. 2011;60(10):2441–9. https://doi.org/10.2337/db11-0425.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Machann J, Schick F, Thamer C, Rittig K, et al. Identification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(15):1609–16. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.168.15.1609.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar